Conlangery #06: Linguistic Typology

Conlangery #06: Linguistic Typology

Published: Mon, 11 Jul 2011 16:00:41 +0000 \

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Transcript

utterance-id1 mm mm mm mm <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> um to the judge which is the people who create our towards poorly from berlin lovely coaches the i'll come back [laughter] um so <unk> uh drinking oughta at least <unk> most of the time it's you know if the great state of wisconsin we've have william hello rid of him he loves that aren't want to get through this episode real quick so we're just going to drop right into the main topic and the mets won that william suggested is linguistic type poetry <unk> many kinds of languages and many features that seemed to go together the study of these things makeup linguistic type policy and uh linguistic universal con lakers i sake should probably familiarized themselves to these things at least to some extent for no other reason i think that to know when we're breaking girls or what rules we we can are actually being broken rather than just stuff that actually exist so anyway i'll turn it over to you well what <unk> what are your thoughts on this well [noise] for people who are interested in treating naturalistic <unk> definitely i feel those people should be looking at linguistic type policy so that they know when they break the rules and you know how often those rules can be broken so we talked about type apology or even worse linguistic universal and the problem with this is there is no such thing as a linguistic universal [noise] we have is universal linguistic tendencies so typically uh in in type apology a universal is express statistically <unk> one of the the most basic distinctions is in your fundamental word order is it you know via so or is it s._o._b. and it turns out if you decided to go with the <unk> final language all sorts of habits fellow from that in languages all over the planet so if your default sentence structure and you're you're default claws and in a verb then you are very very likely to have a language that's going to use the post position sensitive propositions [noise] degenerative is usually going to come first if you use auxiliary verbs they're going to come after the main fur and your relatives clauses normally come first you can always find languages did break these rules but if you're going to break the rule you'd better understand why you're doing it and <unk> what does that mean yeah what do you mean when you say put it to good use like you know <unk> around the normal will be carrying <unk> oh way well let's see now <unk> <unk> <unk> and they go outside <unk> <unk> i think it'd be different i mean behind the guessing right exactly well you made a very good point yeah these are statistical probability one recurring theme that we have on that part gas and in the community in general is whatever weird thing you come up with if it's something that's not weird enough that like human cat actually learn how to do it it probably exist in a language a human language somewhere somewhere that's exactly right yeah i think there are two magnificent resources free resources available on the web for people who are interested in learning about what's common what's not common what sort of features tend to travel together um there is the <unk> database at a university in germany and there's the world at list of language structures w. a. l. s. dot info and we'll use yeah walls just have such magnificent thing and they they really especially the the the the database has some magnificent lee weird and fuzzy little rules [noise] one of my favorites is real seven ninety eight and that says if the language has tense adjectives will be more now like the <unk> like <unk> how does that happen <unk> isn't that interesting i mean you wouldn't normally necessarily think of those things going together and yet somehow if the language has tense instead of aspect or whatever that it's more likely to have kind of downey adjectives the derby adjectives what does that exactly me [noise] um so it must be a new european languages adjectives are i think all into european languages adjectives every now and they make it marked at the same way as now they might be usable in place of now it's oh i see right as in some other languages i know in chinese uh adjectives can all off and be used as <unk> and in some languages you have no choice they're not used as ribs they harbor <unk> and that so that you cannot say the blue dog you have to say the dog who's blooming nah yeah right we don't have a <unk> in so many of these languages we don't have a simple <unk> accent yeah right right <unk> well that's really interesting question and i <unk> i mean there's there are two thousand plus elements in this database and i did not get through all of them but that was one that struck out as being really really interesting to me more salary [laughter] [laughter] i say one that i saw what that really caught my eye i don't know what number this is actually i should have looked it up but there's an order to what color is a language has right to the pentagon whether it has to three or more colors and i think the order goes whereas if it has to colors it'll have black and white [noise] of course [laughter] and then if it has a third color it'll go read and i think it goes blue after that bluegrass billy graham <unk> yeah probably yeah you're not always going to [laughter] which is kind of weird i think definitely english by <unk> <unk> i think if anything i'm like no <unk> <unk> i'm <unk> [laughter] okay okay yeah i i find i think of blue and green or very differently but i can kind of see how they end it's not like insane i came land than add on like <unk> <unk> ah it makes a lot more sense to me or orange to be not its own colored for it to be a split between red and you know and i think <unk> is pretty late last yeah later times they're not much too late orange ten [noise] so this is one of the big controversies in the not be language community was getting a proposal depaul <unk> color words oh my god that was a huge discussion huge discussion i keep it open ended <unk> and they have yeah well <unk> i mean there's there's the whole [laughter] why shouldn't they go round this but there were like let's just go with a very simple system but everyone's like yes but they have a day glow forest they live and and i'm like so do some of these languages they have to <unk> [laughter] thing is with not be <unk> you have to deal with biology too 'cause they have different odds they may have different colored perception well goes into all this ridiculous over over the top craziness when you actually going to think about what color is what they have well i <unk> abide by the rules but they're really just funny humans so i assume they're more like us than actually aliens <unk> experts yes so uh another one of the rules seven forty six is if you have tense at all the distinction is going to be passed and non past that's the simplest possible distinction and i've seen speak english basically yeah i've seen <unk> do things you know differently in funky ways um seven seventy six if a a language is very unlikely to have h. unless it also has the primary <unk> usually s. <unk> rental which with an age but doesn't have an s. or or an f. or something then you've done something funky and weird or language or that and all that kind of makes sense to me because age is probably a little hard to hear that if you're not used to hearing <unk> lives in the first place you might just end up dropping h. very quickly <unk> age if you're really <unk> like when i was during a bit of everything we're probably all her in english by and hide from me here fine now oh sure sure it's one of my favorite sounds but it is hard for a lot of english speakers to cope with [noise] so anyway i mean we could go on listing on these interesting things and trying to figure out what they mean fortunately most resources on linguistic type apology are just about collecting data and presenting statistics they're not trying to push some funky linguistic theory you know whatever's might've m._i._t. this decade [noise] on you so you don't have to i mean people will write papers about psychology and you know <unk> or whatever but it's it's a great way to see what's really possible um and if you're thinking about doing a language that has the bowel harmony you might care to know that if a language has about we'll harmony then you're gonna have an ass um yeah no i didn't want to [noise] well it's either an ashtray or uh yeah <unk> there's a <unk> like <unk> yeah there's a there's a blob there some at some time we just have had some time we have to uh do a special episode on <unk> [laughter] you have to have a lot of uh [laughter] well we had her ashes hatred before oh yeah well a lot of work a lot of people don't like yeah yeah so i mean there's there's really <unk> just so much wonderful things and and frankly i view walls as the creative tool if i'm thinking oh you know it might be fun to do a quick little sketch just go look for things and and and look good features you might not have thought about for example i almost never invent a language with reduced location i'm like oh that's too much like drink it turns out redo population is common all over the planet everywhere <unk> like i'm sure but it's uh i think of south east asia and the pacific nope it's every well i mean there's plus there's you know a half dozen kinds of reduced location but it's extremely combination native american languages to mark things like plural oh let me how much can <unk> <unk> <unk> it's <unk> that's more than one background so yeah but of course you get you get things like the sailors languages up in the pacific northwest with you know twelve different patterns of <unk> one for the verb fifteen for the non whatever <unk> [laughter] i mean it's just an example of of things like grammatical gender half of all the languages on this planet don't do that and they do have your medical gender half of those so twenty five percent only distinguish animate for a minute oh so masculine feminine and is not that is my are not the most common that is very weird <unk> that'd be a new european biased and then my favorite are the ones that have you know like twenty <unk> i don't like masculine feminine dinner in the first place necessarily even though my the first language i learn spanish i just think that if i'm creating a language i'm not going to go with that because it just feels like a pain arbitrarily assigned that when there's other possible gender schemes that are a little bit more <unk> well yeah i actually ended up yet and i can yeah [laughter] yeah [laughter] all of them have elements of arbitrariness yeah more or less you decided to go that way than than you are stuck asking gear inanimate enemy prepare like our little <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> i have i have four different now classes in one of my languages but they're very loosely to find but i think uh there's an animate and inanimate in there there's also like a divine so yeah that turns out to be quite rare but there are there is i always thought that was goofy i thought there can't possibly be a real language that has a divine gender but of course there's a language in mexico that does [laughter] <unk> i should not right [laughter] i should i should mention that that specific languages spoken by a race so basically you're mortal spirits so that might be actually more ah relevant to them to know that information <unk> [laughter] that's that's my uh artistic uh license showing in that language and care for people and thank god fine oh maybe you could find more like holy cow [laughter] class [noise] sure okay i'm in kentucky so probably these word order things may statistical things are the most common sort of looking at type apology another thing people worry about is the analytic too synthetic to police synthetic continue right are you here joe a great deal of complex morphology that has elements that can't be a can of beer separately or do you have you know some super crazy complicated thing uh what's interesting is is you don't have to have this super tied to a distinction between analytic and probably synthetic a language like not bio has mind boggling complex verbs and announce system might as well be isolated [laughter] very very very very little a little more <unk> goes on there except things that you know maybe there including us but [noise] so there there are things you can do to missing match is just even for people who are interested in producing naturalistic languages and still get a bunch of around here so many magnificent ideas can be had my thinking about these things yeah absolutely and i will link those two sites and the sherman oaks good in fact um will if you can taste the wall site to the doctor i didn't bother to look it up but okay yeah but those are very interesting things and as we said at the start of this these you you're not learning these to learn what to do and what not to do your <unk> learning these for the same reason you learn sort of a static rules in art you're learning them so at first you want to go a little towards that way but when it's so that when you break the rules you know that you're breaking the rules and hopefully you have some reason for it even if it's just because i like it this way better than that way yeah they're more like guideline um well now <unk> break hurting me hold [laughter] <unk> you know i've only seen now <unk> <unk> a little bit <unk> you have a good reason i'm happy [noise] but some of these universal <unk> yes some of these rules exist for reasons <unk> if you just cognitive reasons i've done this by accident before i say i'm going to have this word order but i'm going to do the relative clauses differently and then suddenly you realize that having a different world order and relative clauses makes it really hard to pursue sentences mhm oh yeah right it's like if you go directly the opposite <unk> especially it ends up like you have to start thinking one direction and start thinking the other direction [laughter] yeah i mean some of some of these some of these these things makes sense and and maybe you know <unk> it's kind of applied or experimented linguistics right we'd get discovered these problems on her own and we just got <unk> you know ninety percent of all human language is follow this ruler that rule 'cause it's hard to process the other way well not try and not getting the opposite wrong or little <unk> [laughter] fantasia trying to <unk> <unk> having a child and you get the opposite right i have to like stop and think about it like <unk> like if i'm getting a dollar fashion <unk> <unk> [laughter] that's really interesting because the spanish structure actually existing [noise] yeah but it's kinda [noise] but it's letting from one to the other yeah yeah cool confusing when you have to you know you have a <unk> and then you have to switch it back to something up something them something up something something there's something something there's something yeah i mean i was actually has the opposite thing and it only puts <unk> before the possessed now you know anytime you haven't oh structure you have to remember to flip it around yeah i mean <unk> <unk> broke my line now [laughter] and then they were saying you know [noise] so anyway back to the <unk> [laughter] well i think we've uh talk to a good bit um is just main points are look at these things familiarized with some of them <unk> browse through them and just get a good sense of what what's more common than what and ooh no ooh ooh ooh i forgot one thing in addition to the things that are super common to the to the german university has a list of things that appear to be extremely very very rare oh that <unk> in my state pretty example is that no human language except maybe five of them have words <unk> meaning smells yeah we always i mean in english and lots of other languages we compare the smell to something else oh like a flavor now yeah oh hey we know we didn't have dedicated smell words and it may just have something to do with we we rely on smell more than than we think but it's all sort of subconscious yeah for human america mangled her the banks are they going to have perception especially <unk> and now look to gather so hey john wayne i've seen a lot of people who make like sort of fire all creatures like wolfman and stuff that try to create vocabulary for you know i think it's probably a little hard to do but i can't imagine well not i would i'd probably end up there and like now which probably off by by pay for the war you have to figure something out but that's a very interesting thing we have a lot more a lot of words for color is a lot of work yourself and what about your <unk> that's interesting right so that's just [laughter] example me a lot of the the database of of rare things has to do with phonology [noise] right you don't expect to have inclusive constantly be doing also haven't checked and things like that but they're one or two of these just magnificent things that make me want to create a language that you know uses i'd love to talk a lot more on this but uh we want to move along because i wanted to make sure that uh yeah it gets to talk about our future <unk> which is a lot a lot on was created by shoes that hate elegant belgian belgian sorry in response to feminist theories that human languages are not adequate to express the female experience it was presented in her novel native tongue includes a number of features specifically your poor women such as ethics is related to emotional state i was a series of evidence rules but include things like wow assumed fall spies speaker because bigger distrust source that sounds like a very <unk> search every coal women's thing to say sorry bianca fit to distinguish and it's also noticeable notable for being a tuna languages and having it has features of some native american languages and it doesn't it yeah yeah and william you've actually read the novels yep yep [noise] um and and i once even cold she's at haden <unk> um uh office to ask for the tapes that go with the textbook in dictionary that came up for law dumped so novel native tongue and they were to follow ups came out in the early eighties when there was a lot of anxious <unk> from certain science fiction and fantasy writers about changes in politics in the industrialized nations [noise] this is the same time period that gave us the handmade tail they gave us deeper vendetta gave us to watch the news a lot of concern about push back against advances in civil rights um then it happened in the sixties and seventies [noise] so in some ways her novel and even the language logged on is is a very eighties <unk> set peace [noise] so there were various ideas going around about whether or not your standard language which has existed for millennia in a male dominated society is capable of expressing perceptions of women [noise] and it's if if you read her description of what was going on she was reading various other things as well she was reading girlish will bark and and a few other things [noise] and so she was a science fiction writer and a linguist she decided she would write a novel and invent the language to see it's it's kind of an experiment so she got a novel out of it exploring some ideas and then she gave herself a ten year time to see if women would actually embrace this language that did not happen and so she considers this a failed experiment but the language itself i think it's worth seeing um whether or not you accept the sort of morphine assumptions in the background it's a lot <unk> <unk> <unk> i read there an hour hour think what the hell am i thinking [laughter] yeah well actually wrong <unk> isn't much <unk> ah doesn't that doesn't have a good opinion these days and and where i'm only there is that things about it but if <unk> down that road i wanna ask you a <unk> not miss out really weird here but being the token woman on the show yeah did you find anything in a lot of that reflects your experience more than that no [laughter] [laughter] okay so <unk> yeah all things and <unk> and i'm hearing women are better expressing themselves and english thing manner and rain and like um [laughter] so [laughter] and um it was like <unk> not sure if i had a speaker mhm hello i hear that all the time i don't either <unk> <unk> <unk> you know how to do that suddenly he might have right now that's interesting because some women don't like the language precisely because it is so explicit they feel that it's too exposing [noise] so when i went into things that she said hey <unk> very concerned about the way we use language as a tool of violence as a tool of i i don't want to go so far as to tell you a question but you know bullying and brow beating and all of that stuff um forever <unk> yes yeah around the women like <unk> emotional damage <unk> predominantly women can um but it's true when women bully flammable and emotional and i can i mean and you know [noise] mark how many herbal and emotional and i think that's okay well now that i had to get out of <unk> people that way i think [laughter] i think <unk> it'd be more for men can't catch on to the federal <unk> uh i think <unk> i mean hey [laughter] see that's funny i honestly i think i know more gay guys who're third logged on the women [laughter] the other thing about the the verbal abuse thing i'm going to save this pleased outlay whiz sexist or anything but women tend to be less physically dangerous than <unk> well yeah that's a tendency that's not a rule but i mean i'm not i <unk> i mean you probably think i would like to um right yeah yeah i feel like that's the thing like you were going women didn't like but i think they settled either we want i mean i don't like <unk> now i <unk> i prefer to imply um that's why i don't like i don't enjoy evidence <unk> over the head i mean i know what i looked at a lot a lot of that really did seem to be like i'm going to say exactly what i what i what i'm thinking exactly i don't think anybody wants to do that <unk> men or women all the time yeah i think <unk> probably enjoy that like you said like you know you say you're okay but it's not okay so what do you <unk> it's okay [laughter] and of course if you're not what i mean uh this is a facade is going to be more edited [laughter] okay okay okay you have any are single lots [laughter] i i could so for me right so so whether or not you accept these things it's it's interesting to see how people responded language a certain kind of male becomes very hostile without even knowing almost anything at all about <unk> they immediately become cranky <unk> sort of interesting pardon <unk> [laughter] right but honestly i i think the reason i mentioned this particular language is because for me it was the first time i saw an invented language so completely not into european nah that's true it does have its own things going on i wish she had lost i cannot find la okay i'm sorry [noise] you'd be happy to know that the language i'm working on now i've actually slowed down [noise] and i've gone back to add some more inter league ears so that you will never swear at me [laughter] [noise] if you're not <unk> not help people out there looking at all i do [laughter] anyway so um it it <unk> i mean it does in betting differently it does case marking differently there is no plural marketing <unk> and <unk> like that and that's that's the subject of a bourbon which case the purpose marked which is very native american southwest language thing to do [noise] censor dissertation was another <unk> it's not a surprise um and not done has had an effect on sort of other engineer languages <unk> borrow theirs evident chills to bianca hates will also borrowed the <unk> and also her complex system of possession marketing and those two languages i think borrowed those <unk> for their own reason is that both of those languages are languages that want to be absolutely explicit about everything right yeah which i haven't like i <unk> i think that was the one thing that like i read it other than the whole war family gets here but like when i was cooking language i could not enjoy like <unk> why would you say that they're going to end up making making or a you know making holiday talking care i think that they're never going to be <unk> because you don't have the president's talking they why they kept saying oh no no no that evidence we'll just sounds <unk> whatever it is you're reporting but if someone were planning something to me like that that's what i think okay yeah it's like you're not <unk> it's like you're really not check [laughter] yeah what <unk> to for people in the listening audience that aren't sure about that it <unk> it <unk> as how you know the information so this thing is coming from uh and on trust that source that means that the entire sentence or the entire thought comes from someone that you don't trust somebody told us to you and then there's other evidence shows that i experienced this personally others that somebody i trust talk told it to me and these exist in natural language is probably maybe not necessarily be exact ones that she uses but things like if someone told me i witnessed it first hand that kinda thing exist and other languages as evidence yeah i mean her set of evidence shows i mean this is definitely an engineer language there things about it that are not at all naturalistic and a lot done has quite a few evidence <unk> that don't match how human language is <unk> probably because some of those ones like eighteen years and then pay medical um [noise] um oh it's awful but anyway like when i traveled to other people <unk> sam <unk> is very badly on <unk> or whoever you're talking back like you wouldn't want to you then you <unk> i mean most natural language the dentals will distinguish personal experience hearsay supposition like if i step outside my front door and i see the sidewalk sweat i could say it looks like it rained and rained and then i would use that [noise] and then typically if languages have more than that number of evidence rules they will start distinguishing the mode of perception did you see it did you hear it did you yeah but i <unk> once you look around you <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> yeah the <unk> you know pull that uh yeah evidence shows are all about how you learn the information but yeah per specific evidence roles are kinda socially awkward hey i have a <unk> i think that's what it was i think they said that better than me [noise] interesting things like how could they count on for me [laughter] it also does suffix <unk> what's your <unk> once you've uh it's like in some australian language you have all these um possess sims but they're kind of a little bit adjective like so if you say something like i touched the hand of um i touched the <unk> of the dog mhm the word orders and be part of the dog but then it needs to be direct object so the of the dog park well also get been a case worker smacked under the [laughter] [laughter] you get paw dog <unk> direct object ah find it interesting right which is very common in australia in languages in some ancient languages the middle east at this as well yeah i think it <unk> i like a <unk> different languages <unk> nah behind and i think you hate to say that and it's <unk> <unk> where you know who i thought would speak the language <unk> from <unk> <unk> yeah oh yes this explicit <unk> disability to add subtlety to all sorts of both internal state and be very precise about what you're saying and how you come to know what you're saying i could very much see them using this as an internal life right only they know right because of course their whole thing is they're maneuvering in politics so they wouldn't actually want to use something just explicit with anything else but i'm currently they might like right i mean yeah it it it's funny how people respond or the language honestly i think some of the the vocabulary that they created that are supposed to be you know really good at representing the perceptions of women's seems useful to me when someone tells me they're pregnant these days my first <unk> unless they've already told me that they are trying to conceive i do not know what i'm supposed to respond it's just a happy pregnant [laughter] right [laughter] that is just the things you know high distinguish it by that age if they're like twenty five are older and like happy pregnancy twenty five are younger and i <unk> yeah yeah i mean there are other clues but i mean every once in a while a little over fussy vocabulary it's useful yeah having gotten complicated it's not terrible idea but it probably wouldn't work i like to be on <unk> and you're not like a great fan it's probably happy yeah i'm fifty four in the situation of friends but yeah yeah unless it's obvious to begin with but then you probably noticed it brought it up and actually i've been getting people to travel [laughter] but anyway [noise] so i think even if if people are interested in in the <unk> aspect or the [noise] the experiment which by the way she considers to a failed um there's a lot of a specially for beginning <unk> if you're if you don't have much experience with languages other than european ones this is a pretty accessible um three i think if she like it made a second website rename that company now and and get the same thing she would get much more response without hey michele like <unk> yeah i think there would be a lot <unk> well well grammatical materials good learning materials as you would expect for a professional leg was popular yeah yeah i mean she <unk> and things and some things i think <unk> kinda like okay well we're gonna wrap up here with um our feedback 'cause bianca is gonna have to leave pretty soon and so i'm gonna feed mac we have a comment on episode number three i'd wanna mention at the time with this recording only <unk> we're only up to episode three actually publish we have a buffer on this so when you send in things you can expect a couple of weeks lag time at least before you hear back but i thought this was interesting uh i'll post the <unk> the ah or i will wake back to the comment and <unk> because it's a little long but basically he was going over this is what's his name peter he was talking a lot about our judgments of different con legs on how we were kids bringing things good or bad and he was thinking he was talking about like how generally like a sketches founded lesser value because it seems like uh less work was put into it and some of the things he just had some very good thoughts on it and i'll look back to that yeah i think he made a good point there are some languages that have had so much work in them that that that's part of of what what has to be impressed about like a little so it's not a language i could ever use probably but the monumental effort that has gone into it makes it interesting in itself we should put that one on our list we should add it i've never had it i mean i also think like that and language <unk> oh um philadelphia why not <unk> even like rag on it we just talk to that <unk> and <unk> <unk> but i do appreciate the amount of effort and now they <unk> i can tell like <unk> and you know i think actually printing <unk> should get out much back yeah there's a lot of ways to to put value on a <unk> but you know ultimately it probably comes down to unless they're a terrible knew like it usually will just come down to people's individual <unk> that's what we what then that episode and ah the amount of work into it figures in for me but i understand that not everybody has time to construct a complete language yeah i mean i think i'm the most guilty one has going now i don't like that i mean yeah i don't like it [laughter] my case i mean i think back yeah whenever whenever <unk> says i don't like this that's her opinion so don't get to read it their opinion uh uh i mean i agree i might not like i mean yeah i heard things going in <unk> haven't <unk> i <unk> i mean you know it's not work and he's got although sometimes it could be [noise] [noise] yeah some of your things are legitimate but some of those things are just uh <unk> well it kind of it's going to be a headache when we pick a language they usually going to be the one that's more thorough my thought out you know we don't pick new blanks to feature shade one day now that'd be cool that would be mean we're already meeting enough to er two languages and being honest about what we don't like about if we put uh some buddies terrible new blank or joke laying up would be like yeah let's just stopped talking about this [laughter] yeah well i would be i'm brutal with my own languages if if they do not do what i wanted to go and that's my language helping quo [laughter] but i i didn't know anything but um yeah what else have i <unk> i don't think we need anything more we need to wrap up anyway i thought uh but thank you peter for your email for your your comments are and i hope we keep getting those coming in 'cause foods i really like to talk about what people people's reaction to our stuff this is a commute this part gas is a community effort and i i really want to have more feedback from online community about what they want us to talk about and what their reactions are to what we did talk about indeed i i like him back about anything i mean you don't think <unk> i mean <unk> <unk> i don't think i <unk> yeah even the small small viewership we have i like it i i wouldn't producer pot cast if i didn't think somebody would listen to it that's my whole thing about it but anyway that's uh that's it for us uh we'll see you next time by tough yeah thank you for listening to con lying or you can find all our episodes and show notes as well as subscribed to r. i. too or are assess speeds through con library dot <unk> dot org you can also like our face book page or follow con library on put her if you would like to contact us with corrections comets questions or suggestions or even suggest your own caught lying is a future please a male <unk> uh gee male dot com or call in to our new voicemail lard three zero four eight seven three six to eight one we also have a handy suggestions warm on our side or the music was created by then there but they uh mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

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  1. Conlangery Podcast
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Conlangery Podcast/Conlangery 06 Linguistic Typology (last edited 2017-09-05 22:03:41 by TranscriBot)