Conlangery #59: Loan Words

Conlangery #59: Loan Words

Published: Mon, 16 Jul 2012 04:00:47 +0000 \

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utterance-id1 yeah that sounds <unk> by looking [noise] walk 'em coupon language like people who <unk> really uh with me and the great satan uh wisconsin we have william and that's [noise] the news and up in new jersey utilizing ice coating for strained regions we'd have mike lynne hello yeah uh now this episode almost uh didn't happen well it was delayed because ah i had a major priority outage and apparently a very large portion of the sort of greed or d._c. area also had a power outage and i do <unk> how routed yeah going to do that for many more date apparently yeah luckily i'm very much on the fringes of that area i'm in uh if if anyone wants to like look me up on google <unk> i'm in <unk> west virginia that's in <unk> county that ah so um i'm on the edges of that affected area and they're still issues uh i work at a gas station and we still have no i and uh have lost a bunch of merchandise yikes yeah but i have internet so i'm i'm doing okay that really measured civilization <unk> internet [laughter] oh we lost like almost everything in our fridge it it it's funny because usually uh in the fridge here i live with my parents um usually in the fridge there's a whole bunch of stuff but i'm not interested in the meeting now there's just not much talking to her but luckily for <unk> george <unk> right [laughter] yeah it was funny because um on that day it was uh saturday that it went out i think we're well friday night than it went out and it was out through sunday i called my to have him tell everybody that i might not be able to do to show and i was freaking out because i was worried that it was not going to come back on monday in time for me to uh yeah the episode that came out this week which is i think fifty seven uh <unk> the animals see one uh come out because i hadn't finished well i'd edited it but i hadn't um done everything <unk> schedule it to go over disaster is a good excuse for missing the perfect track record with the almost perfect track record we've had some [noise] [noise] i know it's it's weirdly ah it it it it was a weird thing to be worried about it was in the midst of uh trying to take care of small children in a power outage and all that crap but god right <unk> yeah <unk> we that's going ah let's not talk any more about my power outage [laughter] because i mean i can discuss that for shows and shows but we do uh <unk> what sorry no this is going to send you probably didn't have air conditioning to either no it was bad but we have a cool basement dislike william does hide [laughter] um but we're going to come on and talk about our future are not our main topic for today [laughter] which will be loan or everybody knows where the line where it is i i presume <unk> it is a word that one language had borrowed from another language considering everyone here is english speakers we're familiar with all sorts of them because english is very happy to borrow words from everyone [laughter] um [noise] yeah a lot english is mental or <unk> more in fact and it surprised me i found um we can talk about this new bit somebody who did you sort of an inventory across multiple languages to find out how happy they were to borrow words from other language is english <unk> more freely than even jeopardy which surprised me i mean japanese it's sort of infamous for murdering all sorts of words but nope english but it was more well i don't <unk> in front of me but um i remember seeing one where english was at the top list and guess what was it the bottom chinese yes [laughter] i guess if if japanese like like an old like a multi <unk> all patched up all over i think it was like a quilt the whole thing is like a [laughter] funny okay [laughter] english borrowed a pronoun from old north [noise] [noise] [noise] [laughter] well yeah and it doesn't mean we don't even have open pronouns i kept me that we have we have closed her own now but we borrowed one [laughter] okay so let's get down through list so there's a lot of different reasons or um or borrowing words it's just a natural part of language contact <unk> yeah well your immuno noted especially i guess it's pretty common for us to think about invasions particularly since a lot of the initial sort of borrowing from latin and french and english came from invading courses rainy right [noise] um [noise] there's all sorts of other things that can draw a line that sort of borrowing me frequently if they're not expression overt political power you know you come in in stunk on someone [noise] they're expressions of some sort of cultural power economic power [noise] so for a lot of the ancient neary and all the way over to rome ancient greek and sort of the same reputation as french and for a long time especially in the english speaking where [noise] it was the language of intellect and with the language pleasure [noise] i'm a huge amount of roman vocabulary talking about food and sex comes from ancient greek well [noise] um so you get to the sort of interesting um tension that re appears constantly and then the ancient roman certain uptight <unk> you know we're very anti ancient greek very much against the language but even <unk> eventually gave in in their late in life just because he was such an important part of the political and cultural by a room that you want to know what was going on in the <unk> [laughter] um uh another thing is sort of indirectly this kind of economic power that can come from having an advanced technology that doesn't require you to go take people over it's just the technology takes over and probably the biggest one ever is agriculture uh-huh um so the bathroom languages which are spoken all over africa practically um travelled with <unk> basically um and it literally did all things and <unk> and the technology of animal husbandry moved [noise] such that even people like several pigmy groups like the <unk> right if you almost certainly [laughter] or not the original <unk> speaking of bad language now uh-huh um and there's some reason to believe some of the spread of india european through um western northern europe is motivated not by actual in the european people's moving right by technologies and war and agricultural agriculture moving [noise] um interested or things like ah dealing with horses suffer no the nose would it be a case where disappear technology or let the language i guess those types of language doesn't have a word for it and just sort of um [noise] i don't know <unk> we're but it just sort of copies over in their own right right and and we can talk about different kinds of borrowing but that yeah a major [noise] introduced to borrowing is you have a new technology i mean um <unk> what you expect so <unk> what oh nothing go ahead oh right [noise] if you were going to say we hadn't recorded oh i was going to have a smoke meltdown but okay well uh it's just like scrape stop for a second <unk> three good [laughter] so um [noise] another oh what was going to say right so many of the substrate words in ancient greek do with the local agricultural products and a lot of fishing vocabulary because when the greeks cayman degrees they had not been fisherman they'd been living in <unk> in <unk> learned that as well um being on the news trade line right indonesian is a linguist frank over large area for trading persian was usually from china too you know probably parts of europe again as a language a trade taking vocabulary with it everywhere when [noise] um i think also because grease [noise] had a huge sort of maritime empire didn't it didn't it ah i think i was reading in the <unk> last link record that they left methodical term all over the place sure after they had been in place for a few centuries and sort of absorbed with a local culture mm um right and then sort of <unk> <unk> you know took it and ran with it yeah it's been we <unk> <unk> did you get her head in a giant maritime empire yeah um and then the last major thing that sends people flying all over the place is religion uh-huh so islam christianity hindus in buddhism all of these have moved great distance taking a language and <unk> or at least learn words with them um many because of the special status of arabic and it's um arabic tend to be borrowed wholesale enlarge chunks [noise] um <unk> listening to um you know an l. one speaker of english from the the american south talking about islam is sometimes very hard to understand 'cause he's using so much urban [noise] no um i'm sorry go ahead i was going to send me will go into this and a bit [noise] but um what exactly where's the line between having a word come from another language and it being alone word that's absorbed into your language [noise] yeah that's really interesting questions so uh i think a good example is in a mate for most american arabic is a very alien language and will stay that way probably for a long time unless there is some major revolutionary religious changed in this country mhm however when i took an arabic the um our our arabic teacher had uh i put the chalk board and we were writing a bunch of words um and he had his right one word out and a bunch of them all asian students started giggling [laughter] 'cause he just said the word for but [noise] okay [noise] i mean it the more polite word an arabic but in malaysia and it was kind of funny so <unk> i think it's definitely a modem word okay lazy days right 'cause it it's part of their language now i'm <unk> if we want to <unk> sort of take the example of arabic english has a large number of arabic loan we're already not um not as much as spanish but we sort of the world's <unk> [noise] but yeah now that's what i was kind of a question like why does it stop being alone pardon actually knew it was hard like algebra is i don't think there's a lot as much as <unk> as many <unk> <unk> no it's a loan we're <unk> we're trying to hear about where it comes from originally whether or not you're native speakers you have not been to school think it's from someplace else or not is probably the ambience test so <unk> <unk> but i mean from from a linguistic standpoint you know algebra is eleven were period and the story okay oh you're surfing i was just a little bit until it was like <unk> like really in deep in rain there anything i think we we might want to actually entertainment because just the national little bit because yes it alone murders alone were bought all loan or become completely made advise mhm oh given time <unk> uh-huh yeah so it it might be useful to think um you know how long is it going to take for a loan word to become made advise the point where um speakers of the language don't like about it uh foreign origin [noise] now i was wondering with in terms of um well going into the <unk> if you say you take all your word but a lot of your words you derive using sound changes and get them from not i'm bringing on line would they all be potentially long words or would they be like a like a <unk> like english has loads and loads and loads of them um and so they're all still considered learn words you know [noise] [noise] up to you i don't think it matters i mean i don't think we need to get hung up on the loan word vocabulary mm mhm what we're talking about today is kind of a con culture mhm topic um and maybe and and you know some ideas about avenues ways that new vocabulary could enter your language from other languages [noise] <unk> what did you hear what you're talking about i mean [noise] you know whether you want to tell us or not it is up to you huh yeah i <unk> i ah okay go ahead i was just saying i didn't have any specific example but i would think that for example like i know in life when i come i don't want my language to just the whole like looks like clean cut her from random languages of the world but i guess i kind of figure something that's been through a couple of found changes in has more native sound it sounds more like a native language may be um not so much lower to light a word that sounds very foreign like for example um do like the needle in those were like taco is that alone word yeah <unk> and then well i was thinking like like um when we were talking about how they use like we're like um i don't know <unk> where it's like uh just words i really kind of not we didn't it seems like we didn't have a word for them so we just sort of next someone else's word um i think we need to one thing that you brought up i think he needs to be <unk> is kind of important or her common language is sort of you do have to in order to do <unk> get into a bit of the <unk> world being segment what language is exist in your con world or is it is it part of the real world um and uh [noise] <unk> um yeah and uh [noise] when did these loans her this is why if you do the diet chronic method you you may want to uh try to fix dates to your sound changes at least sort of rock date so then you can say okay this lone word entered this language at a year or two hundred <unk> found changes would have all would've applied to it right i mean this is the situation with green and japanese both of them have been constantly borrowing words from chinese for <unk> yeah and in japanese you have multiple layers borrow it mhm representing sort of <unk> and then running through japanese time changes the history of train mhm um so yes i i they're all alone words as far as i'm concerned but as far as most probably uneducated japanese speakers care it's just a japanese were [noise] i mean we're just talking about this is i i i don't want us to get too hung up on borrowing and when something stop being alone word because once i borrowed it's alone word mhm um that's just mechanics that's a process of borrowing and how it got there i mean obviously you want to explain why did they bombed his word for university or whatever 'cause they didn't have universities they just took the words so right i mean that needs to be thought about in the process of calming but whether or not it's identified as <unk> or not i don't think manners mhm mhm yeah oh yeah on how i had no no no you can go on you let me go <unk> [laughter] okay well um i was gonna actually move along to another uh uh section is what we're are more <unk> more likely to be alone right so you have a we have some resources on that on uh loom were hi policy and it seems like well you mentioned further in the first place mountains are more likely to be borrowed than <unk> than uh other parts of speech other word class [laughter] and that sort of makes sense [noise] um 'cause it's usually items of technology and items of culture mhm usually um that are going to borrow it most right you have lots of words for tools and you may borrow a few verbs to describe <unk> you know new technologies but none of them seem to be easy and now they're a little bit easier just sort of [noise] to take control oh yeah right if you have a complicated <unk> morphology barring somebody else's work shapes rivers maybe a little tough going [noise] [laughter] yeah right uh-huh whereas now i mean typically have a fairly straight forward morphology i don't know if any language that regularly inflection <unk> yeah i think a lot of <unk> like <unk> gone as you say if any listener notice of a counter example please let us know get that would be interesting [noise] i was gonna say i think one of the reason um <unk> maybe more likely it's perverted whatever that verb is it's an action there may be an easier way to use word that you already have before it you know <unk> <unk> <unk> it's something that the motion it changes it's easier to find something in your <unk> i guess the receptive language so to speak that resembled that rather than <unk> an object if you don't have to work for is not going to change and become more like a word you already have right right i mean if you already if you already had agriculture or or crude agriculture and words for things like big you might get a better hope but you don't need a new word for dig yes yeah um ah one thing that uh i remember reading about again referencing last language <unk> which is really great book for people interested in linguistics uh wind talking about sort of persian empire and everything uh you mentioned that they had a particular structure or giving verb meanings from arabic where they've borrowed i think they've borrowed a noun and then use uh one of several verbs right like <unk> <unk> <unk> to do or to go or whatever yeah <unk> has a <unk> a lot of verbs that are these <unk> where you have an island and some verbal element mm yeah and i think it's probably more likely to shoot her for that to her than for wholesale borrowing <unk> curl though like you see it in languages that are fairly similar and don't have that much <unk> but like yeah i know in spanish occasionally you get a weird <unk> borrowing like they are but they're a little awkward [noise] like <unk> what if they are yeah hung out to hang out [laughter] i <unk> i know i know <unk> they are two back oh i've heard of <unk> or somebody um well well the other teachers that putting dad up the print er <unk> like <unk> it's <unk> <unk> they actually use it you know [laughter] okay i know spanish actually doesn't have made the wrong word or two lock it's sort of an article um yeah i mean literally close with the heat but mhm i have a word for print it every meal that may have just been a university 'cause i know in in the university there's a lot of spineless going on [noise] people try orange clearly disapproved of i can tell kind of don't dress boy oh no i i i'm sorry i don't mean to be this approving but i'm like i don't know if that's what someone in mexico would say yeah but it might be able to hold on let somebody in texas would say maybe [laughter] anyway so now are more readily borrowed than other parts of speech [noise] and then going from there there's sort of uh uh broadly applicable hierarchy of morphine borrowing so content word <unk> um <unk> easiest to borrow then function words repetitions in conjunction things like that and the <unk> ethics and then last or fusion <unk> ethics [noise] and then all makes an intuitive kind of sad mhm [noise] um and then of course my well my favorite language for this sort of thing is cockpit mhm right at the last stage of the egyptian native egyptian language and has a huge huge huge amounts of ancient greek including two different kinds of conjunctions right andrew green has claws initial conjunction and sending heather these posts positive conjunction <unk> position even those got borrowed mhm including their behavior so <unk> so quaint radical borrowing impossible they're just less common than just straight up borrowing now mhm mm mm no wonder i wonder if it were were er begin um loan like more low words are happening nowadays because of the you know it's out of the world being someone's connected and computers all the invention so yeah uh back in the quote unquote old thing there were things that maybe they hadn't seen before where now no we've seen it and maybe it's already been like a absorbed well now but certainly i'll go ahead george yeah are certainly a lot of uh newer technology terms are being borrowed from english by a bunch of different languages yes um technology it's not the only thing that's borrowed right english has the norm is japanese and ever growing japanese vocabulary being reported because of things like <unk> an enemy mm mhm right so there's lots of ways for words to come in so lots of people now know that we're <unk> a very useful work mm yes [noise] and um so i mean there's definitely have to just be technology it's inconvenient you sort of cultural sorry it seems like yes highly connected world they're more opportunities for these borrowing that requires some sort of yeah where's borrowing now she has a quick question on uh you brought up japanese medical they're like <unk> we already have the word for sword <unk> on a certain type of sword now is in japanese is <unk> not just the general worked for <unk> do you know or was it has still that same meaningless brought across i don't know but <unk> <unk> very important point somebody knows japanese better we'll have to tell us about guitar but the semantic range of a borrowed word is rarely going smashed that it'd be originating language <unk> uh-huh maybe could johnny <unk> sword but here we've taken it to mean a particular kind of developing mhm [noise] um [noise] one of my favorite example strict english i'm sure everyone hears about this one eventually is a bunch of <unk> native germanic stock words for animals refer to the animal and then the food word comes from france so we had a ball right we have cow beat sheep <unk> <unk> <unk> no in french booth it's just everything beef and cow mhm so the idea is right you had these poor sections who we're invaded by normal french speaking vikings right and the <unk> the lord's lords the ladies use the french where's <unk> they're actually eating the cows pigs and cheap mhm um whereas the <unk> the question was or just raising [noise] i mean that's the story i dunno that's true but if it's used usual distinguish that the semantic range of borrowed words may change pretty substantially [noise] um yeah i did a good example is in in in the english spoken in india there were <unk> you know like short for gentleman <unk> neutral [laughter] <unk> you know <unk> i mean at least this was during the eighties i don't know if that were still used in <unk> um in english but yeah you could say <unk> groups of people now is that more of a smack your shift or is that like borrowing between dialect going barley <unk> yeah okay um i think it's the same sort of principle that that i'm saying here is different semantic field is likely to be involved um one of my favorite examples [noise] one of the things that i love is uh when these semantics go on sort of uh ping pong mcqueen languages like i think i mentioned uh kind of <unk> you know an earlier one another one is uh this happens with japanese lot apparently uh so the word anna may mhm it <unk> comes from ultimately english animation well i guess ultimately from from a latin but we don't need to go to that part back um so i mean animation became japanese <unk> and then i mean may uh uh i'm sorry for my bad japanese i don't i don't do the the um the <unk> but um and then any may became english anna may which is a particular style of animation right that comes out of japan [noise] right right [noise] um and and this sort of thing happens with i mean it's rampant in any kind of boring i mean especially when you have um these really large cross cultural movements either you know [noise] trade or religion right all sorts of weirdness happens from you know for your degree can agree to latin inland to all of these local european languages all sorts of funding has happened in terms of its magic range of where it's being bar [noise] now well um <unk> <unk> adopted from you know another language or when it's kidnapped whatever you wanna call it um i'm curious 'cause this would help maybe someone's trying to pick up <unk> what kind what makes it changed the from the way it was the way it is like an <unk> like um we have words like ah psychology putting greek you pronounce the <unk> right [noise] right so that is definitely true when you borrow where it has to be altered to fit the native phonology like animated <unk> yeah the <unk> ah yeah <unk> <unk> i i don't even i hear that word is <unk> um <unk> i mean any in any case yeah i mean you have to you have to jump through so i'm really astonishing change so now though is highly resistant to borrow and what did they do a few barnes [noise] so their word for money is bad so when he was from pay so obvious means er spanish [noise] um what the word for um white folks is related to the word for america america rather which is really gonna there's no <unk> [laughter] [laughter] i know or if there weren't so from america you get <unk> oh that's interesting <unk> oh right does that <unk> er that's just one child it took one junk they took the old truck [noise] um but the point is yeah you might have to make quite substantial changes the word when it's borrowed um if you're going to bother with that certainly jeopardy instruments right you'd hear word you know like i have no idea that means and then they point out that it's related to an english words you're like oh and then you can see it but after it's been through the whole the quite strict rules of japanese syllable shape you know you'd get anywhere it out the other end [laughter] yeah yeah we've already mentioned the chinese has very few loan words but when you look at the few that there are a lot of <unk> and a lot of 'em are like names um places and they are very much more yeah like you know you end up with uh ireland ireland and it even more you know the word for block is <unk> uh stuff like that [laughter] yeah and i all i always wonder whether that is maybe one reason that chinese resist <unk> word so much because it's so hard to uh <unk> one logically and the writing system probably contributes a little bit too yeah i think probably the syllable shaping is overriding issue but yeah um i have no doubt that syllable shaped probably constrained that someone i don't know if anyone's for this study to actually point out what i mean at the same time jeopardy it's a little structure is also very strict and yet they have no they just had a great time yeah interesting borrowing where am i so i mean that may be an issue but it's clearly not overwhelming <unk> <unk> is that a lot of those uh lower than i was recently i'm looking at <unk> and that's all like sometimes they're very obvious what it's from like <unk> she or and or ah you know to suit but then uh you get with like you suffer dr <unk> knowing chinese i presume that comes from each other or um you got uh some whatever the old one oh yeah or whatever the old <unk> no it was like a child <unk> t. as in uh <unk> uh we <unk> yeah yeah so uh it's interesting just to see the greens uh it's um how much it's changed from you know where it came from [noise] yeah [noise] um but as far as comedy goes i think it's good to see that that does happen to not lines i know some people sometimes i i i'm like oh no i don't <unk> taking word but you know what happened in that line and sometimes they are <unk> of the language they came from and sometimes they're completely you know <unk> they look <unk> after all the changes go through yeah [noise] yeah um i think it you might also want to make sure to ah remember that um a lot of times loan words can be reanalyze so we were talking about arabic <unk> a lot of words arabic were let her aren't english or in european languages in <unk> in general are looks sort of a similar because they all have that <unk> again that's what the definite article and i think yeah mhm got smashed onto the word we just gets hurt part of the word so in in outcome in alcohol and algebra [noise] that that we just like smashed that on because i think partly because if i understand correctly the definite article is use all the time and arabic right it's really yeah <unk> yeah as much as an english mhm okay but um and sometimes they can go <unk> really bizarre directions because like um alligator this is not an arabic word this is a spanish loan we're yeah and it came from and <unk> <unk> oh mhm literally lizard the lizard [laughter] so somehow we smashed the article on to it and then completely changed the pronunciation [laughter] yeah i mean and then there's <unk> another reason for the definite article this state is in front of a bunch of confidence the el assimilate [noise] mhm [noise] um and turns into something else so yeah [laughter] yeah um so another kind of <unk> word ultimately is <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> and that is when you translate idiom into your native language the classic example is be phrase piece of cake in english refers to something that's very easy but if you said you know a piece of cake literally <unk> you know <unk> in german then that makes no sense right that mean something that you eat [noise] um [noise] but what is what <unk> what george i thought of how to like liberate translating compounds compounds idioms whatever it's it's the same it's the broad category of taking something that has complex meaning because it has multiple words and just taking the words um without necessarily that's been coming up so he can be idiom it could be a compound um so the uh classic compound used to work for a skyscraper in english and sometimes some varieties a spanish have roscoe seattle mhm yeah no right to escape so they've translated that idiomatic compound into their own language they not borrowed it in the sense that the lexical items of nipping borrowed but they've taken the senators and borrowed them in the same meaning another process that can happen is like i think is a <unk> where for example like a cheeseburger where they had a hamburger and i took off the ham ham wasn't really part of where the word came from <unk> analysis is definitely possible if the word looks at all and <unk> yeah mhm uh-huh i mean it happens to english right we borrowed the word orange but it came from <unk> <unk> and we decided that an orange and to become a you know and but he's orange right we lost the end and and that was a process but <unk> so yes [laughter] reinforces morphological reenactments er medical you know various levels can happen once awards been bar [noise] like i told you about this a few months ago right the arab <unk> language just borrowed the word for film film but it has three confidence and it's a common arabic word shape so the plural filament arab is a slant yes okay so <unk> so treated like native or minimum animals to be treated that way [noise] one thing i think is interesting is like how often do grammatical <unk> from the other language <unk> uh get borrowed along with it because i know that in english a lot of times if it's if it's a latin word we may borrowed the plural or pretend that the poor always running is one of the morals if it's not uh <unk> <unk> and really <unk> yeah and then a lot of our loon words have euro <unk> like um like the samurai <unk> is a zero coral usually think like that um but the ninja and it can be an engine [laughter] i'm thinking of <unk> <unk> yeah <unk> right near the great where it is something we borrowed from japanese and then run with it and it's been turned into a bourbon it means also i mean right means posting before somebody so i mean this is how <unk> great um uh-huh what was i going to say about it [laughter] yes so persian obviously after um print empire converted islam after <unk> there's a huge amount of arabic and it's it's just a disaster because if you want to learn persian you also have to learn a bunch of your regular arabic plural mm [noise] [noise] but you never know when it's gonna take an <unk> an arabic roller between to just use <unk> so one example is <unk> mean scholar but that word was bird and do persian kept it a normal persian thorough so told the bone [laughter] oh right um [noise] i don't even remember what the proper arabic term for that is but so many things can happen it can mix mixed in match yeah yeah i like and it's really really entertaining in <unk> [noise] really oh yeah [noise] um that's but that's how it seems like an important thing and i like um other things would be like if you're language has gender what gender will be alone words adopt it may be it may be based on the sound of the word or it may be just like i think spanish usually <unk> making the masculine or it may even be that they're familiar with how quickly other language uh that if both have gender then they'll use the gender let it has any other language i think a lot of this depends on the level of familiarity between the two languages if there are a lot of bilingual speakers then you make it more sort of grammatical bleed over i i think that's right so ah cops it had this vast amount borrow but that's because large chocolate chunks of egypt we're greek speaking means huge huge number of greek speakers so lots of things got borrowed um <unk> um has the standard um africa is you gotta gender system which is basically just masculine feminine so greek words if they were asking are feminine typically tempted their original gender <unk> and then <unk> i <unk> i think most of the spelling the masculine but i forget mhm [noise] um typically they did not keep greek plural they just followed the normal <unk> unemployment in uh in english i think the word for <unk> i was just looking to see all day like <unk> actually has an <unk> my name is <unk> so instead of thing like <unk> or <unk> singular we just <unk> yeah they <unk> yeah <unk> that just makes my teeth itch but okay [laughter] you know euro thank you yes you're um [noise] [noise] well i enjoy george george when you learn when you move to madison you will learn about you're always cry so that's good [noise] um well let's just say and then another thing that can happen in these bombs use you can get a funny kind of mixed in <unk> <unk> one of my favorite examples from daughter who is they typically they borrow the english worked for god but it is usually a company by the now the <unk> so in the in god [laughter] usually i mean often how they worded said so i'm real among that religious terminology <unk> i don't know numbers but well actually we have numbers but it seems to me like the losers terminology would be very likely to be a loan and this this thing seems to agree with me your site the seem to agree with me right uh a little bit because when a different culture brings a different religion in a lot of those concepts are going to be alien to the local population so they make me <unk> i know that where they have been translated in chinese where translated you know words they come out really weird because you know they they grab native concepts thunder kind of similar and it sounds weird and and the same thing goes in the other direction like we call the the chinese under word world hal even though it's not really held it just sort of a generic where everybody goes [noise] sure and i mean the greeks and the romans in the habit of referring to all of the local deities by whichever latin or greek name closely most closely match yeah right we'll just cleaned up too and it's not really anything like nineteen but it was you know what kind of wandered therefore an empty [noise] now did the modeling with the native <unk> native american languages did they borrow from each other a little sure i mean there was a great deal of people moving around so we have a lot of the sort of borrowing of local flora and fauna and local agricultural um technology terms [noise] um [noise] yeah i mean it's that's an entire show all by itself there's all sorts of interesting borrowing patterns and [noise] uh sometimes um people there's the pacific northwest is very rich linguistically enrich culturally and rich and the same sort of way that i don't know um europe during the great game was interesting there's a lot of fighting going along and there's a lot of um [noise] a lot of people who think they're kind of people are better than all of the other kinds of people uh so they make fun of each other and funny ways that are often very linguistically sophisticated [laughter] and in both requiring requires that you know other languages <unk> in the area i think one last thing that i want to mention then maybe i should find a a link for this or something but there are well a couple of things one is <unk> most of the time alone words are just single word um but you can <unk> borrow entire phrases one of my uh sort of favorites too i think about and play around it is uh um sort of sort of like art critics and stuff uh may use the french word the french free <unk> which one literally just mean i don't know what right has a certain right this is this is because of french is roll and the language and um [noise] sort of academics and intellectual yeah <unk> that's becoming less common i think use those cruises i i always have <unk> whenever i hear those terms i translate spanish just for [laughter] for ah [laughter] it's a lot funnier when you say it has a certain <unk> [laughter] right yeah no that i like that though that's a nice little perversion if they use the <unk> i mean most people consider that especially in america we consider that very pretentious <unk> french with the french pronunciation of this raise out of nowhere and they said the same thing it's k. toes problem with ancient greek right it just rub it in the wrong way [noise] um there was a really strange movement in athens for a while during the height of its well where [noise] suddenly all of the young men the fashionable young men were wandering around with parents tolls and dressing like people from some city in the <unk> and that involves one or two linguistic features that were <unk> didn't make fun of it as well so you're right the borrowing might be very um <unk> she was an obvious to the culture that's borrowing and some people may object strenuously so there's an interesting i mean especially if you're a literary <unk> you're right you're writing books that have these <unk> um people using these words becomes an interesting avenue for sort of character development like who when you use the bar language and who would not be seen dead using the bar language now i'm trying to think of like uh for like you know low cooking times come from latin <unk> italian and french you know like i'd done today or you know there's a souffle other ones are still resisting that like i imagine like on a lot of just didn't know the fancy term for it you know i like my <unk> like <unk> it was like whoa souffle there's nothing like it in the english got injured and you have to borrow it because that's the only there's nothing like it i mean i suppose you'd call it a putting mhm um but it it's a different kind of thing um i i i consider that affected me a technology borrowing it is is dated with with a sort of aristocratic culture but it's still basically a technology issue yeah sometimes i think those bonds are meant to you know accentuate that difference between maybe social class [noise] sure sure absolutely i mean a lot of not a lot a good chunk of arabic vocabulary for food comes from persian mhm so <unk> barring from each other in both ways [noise] quite a long time um i think generally specialized vocabulary uh is likely to get borrowed or bar rings are likely to become specialized terms and really borrowing language like you know we have all these uh italian term in music yeah uh court for different temples and <unk> you know the the dynamics <unk> yeah i know <unk> <unk> so yeah yeah <unk> yeah and uh i don't <unk> don't ask me why perhaps the as the time but i do um anyway so those a lot of those words like <unk> <unk> loud and saw but we use it who are these specific meaning of loud and soft in musical sort of notation and the the dynamics [noise] so we have so that's one thing i think is very common is uh what is that called uh hi people [noise] what what's it called when uh a word narrows remaining i don't know i forget the term or <unk> yeah <unk> yeah those are definitely a good example where i thought they'd probably just mean loud <unk> only know what i mean <unk> strong in a whole bunch of meetings and these single meeting that has been barred in english um in the musical is just lie mhm yes it's a way i'm also to now but you know that says something may or may not be someone's forte i don't have that comes from english <unk> uh italian friends anyway so i know i mean we're talking about all of it is very specific technical words but a lot of very <unk> ultimately borrowed chicken turned it [laughter] um so table right i'm looking at it with your <unk> well right i mean quaint general words can be borrowed in time so uh um in in australia linguists are pulling out their hair and going insane because [noise] many of the cultures have taboo avoidance processes where when someone dies you can't say their name or and certain words that may sound too much like their name will also be avoided [noise] all of a sudden leave very common words can no longer be said including pronoun sometimes [noise] um so you have to come up with some way round so either you come up with some <unk> or you borrow the word from a neighboring language [noise] and it might take over and it may never come back to that makes the you know tracing historical linguistics in australia very entertaining mhm [laughter] wow huge amount of borrowing going on [noise] um for social read the out by saying that i'm i wanted to mention is occasionally i <unk> i think this probably happen more often when languages that people are very familiar with and you actually ended up constructing something in the other language but it's not exactly idiomatic in the other language and men getting <unk> ah the example but i've heard is um <unk> on on <unk> or a double entendre as i said oh alright yeah which in france you would not say <unk> on <unk> as i understand that our our french speaking listeners may may correct me but uh i believe in french he would probably refer to <unk> you you would uh generally refer to something like that as <unk> <unk> or something like that but not <unk> [noise] [noise] [noise] civil kelly al <unk> not <unk> not spanish <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> i had a friend who <unk> who is from india who wanted to know what a single entendre ones [laughter] which is an excellent question that i will leave our listeners to decide for themselves what the answer in the main point is that we didn't even borrowed the freeze french we borrowed the french words and <unk> the phrase that wouldn't occurrence [laughter] well pleased remembered it french had a long life in the british isles separated from france but still being spoken by native speakers so they sort of went on their own i mean norman french kind of went on his own for a while i mean it was definitely communication between right it's just because of dover right that it's easy to get across [noise] um but i mean remember that as well a lot of quite strange um english legal vocabulary that looks like french is probably not recognizable to people from france either but that has to do with development and the british <unk> some of the french language <unk> uh okay so it may may may be something that uh the <unk> who are likely to say but modern french people are not that like going to say i don't know but it's just an example that people give but i think it's seems likely that kind of thing can happen you know and i don't know i think in situations where you have a prestige foreign language is constantly injecting you've a candle every inch of language you might get more than i would expect yeah [noise] um and you know we've talked about hung logical adaptation and um we've talked about changing meanings um one one thing i want to much really quick is like sometimes the changing of meaning can be really hilarious like um a lot of young chinese used bill english word high to me like great or awesome or really you know <unk> which comes right away to people yes you can say that my teacher's high [laughter] yes or or it can also mean uh like feeling uh really happy so i i'm i'm really high right so that's a <unk> a common cognitive metaphor in in chinese for elevation to be in a good <unk> i think that's a very common human when [noise] so i'm really high i mean that's probably what the word originally meant in english [laughter] just like game unhappy [laughter] well we can talk about that where it's another time it has all sorts of <unk> additional meetings and ask for a long time but um yeah uh yeah words anything but then again yeah when they're <unk> they take on there i mean especially like yeah i mean internet english must mean that very strange vocabulary items are entering languages over this planet very peculiar significance as mhm yeah oddly enough a lot of [noise] <unk> that i see is not much english loans but <unk> things in a different language because i've i've i've seen spanish <unk> and i've seen uh chinese take speak and it's not really learn words except i know that a lot of spanish speakers right the word <unk> as a <unk> yeah which is funny because the spanish maine for that letter is <unk> oh oh that that really interesting okay in uh [laughter] hurt or something like that in chinese actually like um i think it's an internet thing but i've seen people white three queue you have any idea what that means <unk> who thank you thank you yes thank you [laughter] [laughter] wow [laughter] yeah okay well i mean we could probably do many episodes of votes wildness of internet speak but i mean that's taking it a little i mean it's relevant in the sense that you know maybe even if you don't have the internet you can use that as an inspiration for counseling borrowing behavior because it's sort of like a hot house <unk> yes um for borrowing with strangers lexical shit [noise] <unk> like the thing is that a lot uh there's some <unk> art art language that do modern con lines but i think a lot of the the the sort of art language that we're talking to are not really interested in modern language [noise] you know <unk> <unk> 'cause some of 'em are making con world that are like <unk> fantasy world that don't have the internet and i probably know if you [noise] but uh if you do have uh a culture that sent in the real world or in a world <unk> has and and internet then you know it's something to to have and even if not um a lot of these things like this chat speak kind of snow and stuff not like necessarily a new thing it's just something we associated with the internet now but there was all sorts of stuff that happened when telegraph came out and even before that there were just is sort of ah writers and people who who would just like her no reason just make really weird <unk> [noise] well <unk> i mean it it's true that a lot of mrs <unk> new per se but the quantity is definitely knew because we have very widespread literacy highly connected um which is really speeding process and so a lot of borrowing happened to the slower paced unless there's some sort of revolution mhm [laughter] is there anything else they need to say about borrowing i think we've covered it [laughter] <unk> no i i'm going to uh i i was about to wrap it up and say you know this is another subject that william <unk> we wouldn't get that much about hockey [laughter] okay about it and maybe i'll hang ups um give up [laughter] like bars will be long from that one [laughter] but we do need to move on <unk> ah and we're going to talk about our featured con line which is yeah brainy by <unk> <unk> well i tried to get <unk> on the uh pot cats but it is [noise] uh he had a family emergency you hadn't had an emergency and uh of course there were there was all the uh confusion over the over over whether we were going to even have it on sunday anyway and uh so and he's very hard to convince to get on a project for christmas so uh i hope that i can have him on some time in the future but her now we're just gonna do without 'em and talk about his language [noise] yeah well you know um [noise] her brownie pick to this and recommended it because this is the language that he uses in the printed version of the language construction which i <unk> i mean there is a print <unk> much larger than the online version <unk> yeah um get get it on uh amazon there's um <unk> and kendal version <unk> uh i have not read all the way through it yet i just like red bits and pieces of it i think for especially for someone who has either long pass through college days or is unlikely to go to college and to take linguistics courses [noise] for a beginner <unk> i actually think it's worth buying the book i mean sometimes he [noise] i don't agree with everything he says but in terms of just a general across the board linguistics education for a very reasonable price i think i <unk> it's hard to beat um the <unk> version of language especially it's certainly cheaper and just as informative as many a linguistics textbook <unk> um the only thing that is different is it doesn't have homework <unk> [laughter] mhm [noise] uh i wonder if somebody could do like uh uh there's people who do <unk> courses that are sort of <unk> linguistics that with humbling involved i wonder if somebody could actually do that in a sign language instruction get as one of the textbooks that would be interesting and then and there might be a little too experimental for universities outside of california but uh [noise] yeah it would be um anywhere but let's talk a little about about this language looking at <unk> um not that much to say it does have it <unk> you know <unk> distinction and it has uh <unk> awesome [noise] sounds but i i knew from chinese uh the town um which he calls or so <unk> how it'll cricket is [noise] not sure if that's the man that i usually say that three times fast <unk> has <unk> and it also has a [noise] [noise] what <unk> <unk> sure yeah so that little uh wacky to try to get benefiting but yeah [noise] yeah [noise] yeah but um and what does it what is uh what is why represent [noise] middle <unk> <unk> it's it's just it's a mid yeah yeah okay okay um i think it's a turkish thing [noise] um [noise] the strangest er we <unk> we finish <unk> oh no no no i'm moving on okay so the far strangest thing about this language [noise] which is otherwise reasonably straightforward um invest it has noncompetitive morphology in his verbs yeah so what can you you have you have a continental core and then vowel dance frantically around those [laughter] um in various ways about i don't know six the down the page defining a language he has all the different forms that can occur for the verb juicy gee which is counting and right so from from <unk> who knows and get new <unk> new [noise] and <unk> and <unk> and um [noise] on <unk> and all sorts of <unk> um which makes my <unk> a little bit yeah um and and there are different patterns <unk> having to do with their level like ocean <unk> he has you um [noise] what's the word in substituted um pollution forms as well but <unk> but a lot of it seems to be this sort of valve valve changing operate where are you seeing sufficient you're sure you're seeing supervision and not just simply voicing changes 'cause that can happen too oh no i'm not seeing <unk> i'm i'm stupid <unk> well looking at this chart and looking at the other <unk> <unk> ah right um in terms of what they included in the <unk> you've got aspect which is dead simple <unk> are effective in perfected hey easy [noise] um politeness is included in the <unk> mhm mhm volition which is very interesting um which has to do whether you did something intentionally or unintentionally i it's a linguistic calling this control mhm [noise] um and then effect which has to do with um the relationship the speaker to the event so we basically have a benefactor inflection and the male effective instruction was it to my benefit or too much harm but something happened [noise] [noise] [noise] um and then of course you have to make some actually used to oh and you have an <unk> you can use to indicate to the action was performed the harm the listener nice [noise] i would think that was this kind of uh you said <unk> <unk> i would imagine there'd be a lot of words that would kind of like crash into each other and they're in their uh when they get declined out <unk> only at times you get it out like oh just when i get nervous when it happened i think about switching <unk> because i'm like but but then it across this one and that's what that little <unk> and and it's like like <unk> coming together and i'm like oh no who's good <unk> where all right so this is how you feel and how i feel but i'm guessing a speaker of arabic it's like okay whatever mhm [noise] but i mean when you have stuff like this [noise] mhm um yeah like in arabic what it's just that the <unk> whole meaning right <unk> yeah <unk> certainly more coalition there i think it's a whole different set of meanings and i mean the whole different like paradise island thinking so to speak because i'm you know as an english speaker and i've never studied a language <unk> <unk> <unk> i think of any central meaning being in one morphine nothing one central place perhaps if you were you know to grow up with language like this or if your whole <unk> structure like that that would the bob sled it wouldn't it would be unambiguous because you know some of them are just <unk> some of them are um part of the confidence route um yeah yeah no they make it work it's fine it's like a little bit alarming to speak english when i certainly for much speakers of european languages when the front end of the word starts changing we get very upset yeah i like doing that [laughter] that was the first time i income the first <unk> especially when i was younger when i first i thought oh no the who might be interesting and it just sent me away screaming on high up in the library mhm um 'cause i was [laughter] you know looking at a simple conjugation and what i did not realize that the route was at the end and i'm seeing all these insane changes it the front and i'm like oh my god [laughter] um but really people speak the language in the spring and then i really want to you do a language and says noncompetitive morphology try it out sounds really interesting great way to really [noise] yeah i have a lot of derived words come from it you know talking about the politeness it looks like he's kind of got <unk> crazy what the the politeness and that he has a lightness on per [noise] uh and he also has uh his pronouns have <unk> ordinary and <unk> or <unk> uh first person does not have a <unk> obviously the kind of pointless to have that although i think you know you could have some culture where you would have like hurt her or the king or something but uh [noise] and um looking at it i was surprised that second person had no singular plural distinction i don't know why but that that kind of strikes me as an odd considering most <unk> or like how do that and it seems more common doesn't it uh maybe oh no it's just a <unk> it's just a really little <unk> not like anything that will that it's not that surprising i mean but just like tiny little thing about it as oh well i mean if you've already got a polite language you might get lightness inflation where you start using i mean for some reason using <unk> indicate light to represent lightness two single second person is common even outside of your whatever it was coming but it occurs even outside of europe [noise] um so that's a good way to lose one of your second person pronouns <unk> <unk> it's language this <unk> iraq for that to happen yeah possibly um honestly that far the strangest thing about this language in miami not much very much there's not much on about the language i mean at least in terms of morphology that's the oddest thing going on um there's no <unk> i i <unk> i like interesting the uh he i got through his numbers and he drives a lot of his numbers from different things like um so one is related to this too is related to that for uh what yeah huh yeah <unk> <unk> <unk> that's a <unk> i mean he's got derived forms right so he's giving the predator language forms first which is you know [noise] if i would have had nothing worse right um and uh oddly enough eight team is empire man that's kind of [noise] well that is because of that because the physiology of these people on in this world have only eight toes oh okay i see ten fingers old grey have some bizarre accounting system because of that [laughter] yeah well er by human interest but they're not humid so then <unk> [laughter] and he he's got his <unk> this is all straightforward and i don't see anything really remarkably weird they're [noise] i like how much she uses subordinate her attributed marker <unk> [noise] it's usually for things like relatives clauses that use for <unk> two altering the fun stuff he makes he gets a lot of use uh one chunk of grammar which i approve of strongly <unk> no um they mentioned <unk> is that the the pros or language okay well then so that was a sister language or the <unk> the parent <unk> ooh ooh and then there was borrowing kinda mentioned like we were talking about <unk> ah into [noise] <unk> yeah actually i mean this is relevant to our topic today and i didn't think about that is mhm um this language in his <unk> provide a huge amount of learned a camera larry into [noise] the main language and it's cool because like you mentioned like at the uh <unk> technological term cultural terms religious terms grammatical terms it's right there it's really cool it's like about a little more than half way down little soft two thirds yep [noise] um [noise] and he gives the the different shapes [noise] that happens when they were <unk> so you can see examples that doing a lot as well [noise] very cool i approve [noise] ah i love his example sentences which some of them are rude and we can't read on radio but this one it's funny because i lost a mortgage document the bank is whining who [laughter] <unk> yeah [noise] [noise] [noise] ah yeah i uh i really like the the the this is this languages it's highly developed as some of his but it had the you know it's it's a very approachable one for beginners you would like to see something that's [noise] it's got one or two you truly strange unusual features <unk> morphology flavor and this <unk> which is just great and relative i didn't pay [noise] um but other than that it shouldn't have anything [laughter] who your brains out although the number of sibling or <unk> quite astonishing [noise] isn't [noise] i'm sorry is that some of the background and is it <unk> i can hear that i'm sorry [laughter] ah my family apparently doesn't understand [noise] what i mean but [noise] [laughter] [noise] and you can tell us the summer because everybody's home array uh [noise] but i'm sorry about that [noise] this is interesting humor madness guarded i eat possession by god yep oh um [noise] <unk> looking here trying to see yeah i know i think i said we're going to say about it i mean it's a cute little language is digestible it's all here he always gives example when i mean there's very little really big scary morphology so you don't need a super complex [noise] yeah [noise] uh enter many years so no this is a nice new critical one was interesting stuff without being overwhelmingly strange mhm yeah [noise] [noise] what was that nothing [laughter] let me stretch like [laughter] okay [noise] or anything else you want to say about [noise] <unk> [noise] i don't know i say [noise] trying to look through it yeah it looks really accomplish languages are always very nicely presented web page ah grammar yes yeah very nice it's always it's always good to just kinda look for um [noise] uh i do want to mention i didn't mention the script but the strip seems somewhat realistic except birds a little bit you characters that seem a little bit too close to each other [noise] but um like her also elvis yeah uh particular <unk> i think are too close like um the <unk> the i don't know what <unk> what are they is it just <unk> yeah but one of them is like adding basically uh sarah onto it i'm like no <unk> look look at it sure is uh he's got a voice saying die critic available for certain sounds so you know even even with all that stuff like that oh like <unk> or you know t. n. l. or i <unk> like you wanna have a lot largest i'll [noise] i mean we <unk> natural languages too [noise] yeah [noise] i mean okay well then it's non chinese got about it think about chinese [noise] yeah well that's [laughter] i i i was just taking taking a look at it um i guess it's not i guess if it's good that particular regular diet critic but then it's not surprising as i thought would be but uh there's two forms still look very similar to me um i would say that um uh the one uh offered note is he has sort of a direct phony <unk> thing which is a little bit boring but you know that's just something that happened uh [noise] <unk> my <unk> within the context if he's <unk> we have lots of people borrow the writing system of another group you know just like all of the modern languages winning guinea all have a very regular also interviews because there borrowing they're adopting a rating system late i think in the context of the current world many of them are borrowing the er during rating system and so it's going to be pretty regular yeah it it it could be that it's supposed to be a recent borrowing on out there if <unk> if a language borrowed a rating system i would think that sometimes that would lead to not so regular overriding of it because it might use [noise] you know die graphs or try grass represent found that it that that language too much it's borrowing may not have right that's why we have the till it on credit for boise i'm just saying that that well that's what my um make it diverge from being as clear as i don't know maybe <unk> each time being so different as you'd like right on the one hand we got irish oh my gosh irish right which is what happened when romans trying to write down yeah so that [noise] [noise] yeah that's true it doesn't always have to be regular but sometimes you can if you've got scholars worrying about things you might get something regular it's not too divergent yeah i mean yeah it's not it's not it's not a major thing and it it could be that it's just completely regular so but i think that's about all we can really say say about <unk> yeah go take a look at it it's neat and um and uh see what you can glean from ah got some interesting stuff going on uh so um we want to move on to feedback sure sounds fun to me so we got an email from michael from california and he says so tone i'm not sure what language that is how is that uh uh uh iran too and it's supposed to be productive salute tone [noise] it's not <unk> unless you're uh what's your um <unk> and you do that with all your friends and i <unk> yeah <unk> <unk> okay yes [noise] um a friend just posted this on my face <unk> list of measure words and english everything from murder rose to stand up swimming goes to a blessing of unicorn because it's unicorn appreciation day of course and even some obviously can tribe creations like at greece a dentist uh now i wonder what the measure were calm language would be so this is a fun little thing it's um it's collective down in english and um yeah i don't know how many of these are in general usage [noise] i know that murderer crows or something that's used at least and in certain registers but yeah [noise] i will always remember once when i was a kid or a teenager and my sister looked out the window and saw some highschool boys wandering by still look at the <unk> dude [laughter] [noise] so for me dude coming o'clock [laughter] [noise] but there's a whole bunch of sort of fun stuff uh china whole cat i think a <unk> [laughter] [laughter] i don't know that's my two <unk> yeah [laughter] i mean <unk> like a <unk> a paper may gallery him a paper or the <unk> make sense i don't know how often you gonna use that unless you grow i mean i mean a lot of these i hesitate to call me is measure where it's good they simply <unk> their words for a group [noise] but we don't need today they're collective yeah they're not really not <unk> yeah and some people they don't compare these to measure words which they're really not [noise] mhm [noise] right we don't say right when i think if it were like maybe when you say one cup of milk that's more like m._s. word <unk> five [noise] five <unk> five murders the crowds you don't mean five individual 'cause being five groups are five collaborative <unk> right right but <unk> i uh rutgers of of um [noise] never mind lost it i don't know if i don't know if you would say five murders or crows though i think you i think yeah i think a murder of cruises just like uh one big collection crows <unk> it's like an <unk> [noise] [noise] yeah i don't know how you if you were showing you know murder of cousin england or the murder of clothes and asia and murder frozen in iceland and you'd say look out there the murders uh <unk> <unk> i don't know i was just working with it [laughter] that maybe if you had pictures yeah i don't know okay this is smart alec e._a. conjunction of marion barry [laughter] <unk> [laughter] i i saw a uh uh super fluid <unk> know makes it a priority as super sleuth super flu entity of none that should be <unk> [noise] no [laughter] lewinsky of <unk> sarin right <unk> well no <unk> super <unk> really i i don't know i don't like that we're getting some money thing [noise] [noise] yeah anyway [noise] [noise] <unk> woman like gang or work man yeah all right what about any to regional people can visit the <unk> yeah you you <unk> and i understand that some of these i don't think that uh how much what i <unk> oh upper <unk> highly is and how about you know what that means but i want to hear the question an application um do other languages have the same kind of collective like an spanish i don't know if i know these words um and i don't know if you'd want your mind to go with it i mean it's an interesting idea but i don't know how many not lines have these kind of collective term [noise] well i <unk> i'm sure that a lot of them do because everybody has sort of collective ma'am huh but um her uncomfortable <unk> to to express but i don't know if anyone any language really goes to the lengths that <unk> are are <unk> those documents in normal everyday speech [noise] i think that's bronco has an insects where you can make something like that like <unk> it's not like forest like your group of trees [noise] yeah but that didn't mean yeah yeah i mean it's tempting but that's typically lexical right it doesn't mean a group of trees i mean the forest [noise] [noise] true i mean i was just trying to think of something else <unk> a._o._l. um another language did and i suppose you could do some sort of <unk> uh derive from that now yeah but yeah [noise] just for the [noise] and um [noise] well i think we can wrap this off and we'll say uh william do you have any final words with no <unk> [noise] uh [noise] my [noise] um no just keep practicing tiny things and they'll be afraid and all that and they come on and keep going with uh that's what i wanna say keep a [noise] never give up never surrender [noise] all right and i'm gonna say <unk> you ever been listening to <unk> you can find the <unk> all previous offices at <unk> dot com including links to our future con line and a few resources company makes sense of today's topic you're also find links to subscribe to us on high tunes or through on a <unk> to our quarter face book and google plus pages kind a whole lot more questions commonsense suggestions may be sent to <unk> online or e. s. g. male dot com you can also submit those translated greetings we played the popular show <unk> display in our head er police evening contribute paid for details [noise] thanks for listening [noise] [noise] yeah that's really odd [noise] it's really mouth on so it was just laugh onto like <unk> [laughter] so how was uh how was it without power what was like um crazy [noise] like is it well they're working at a gas station and uh-huh uh we almost ran out of gas who am i why is that [noise] well <unk> bunch of people were getting gas gas and also um we've lost a large portion of our food and like you said it was for <unk> spoiled yeah 'cause the cooler stop working and so <unk> that's how it works hello how are you [noise] dying of heat how are you [noise] uh [laughter] making do with my cell phone because my computer apparently is too can't make it onto the internet because uh i don't know it's not feeling it or whatever i don't know what not feeling it [noise] yeah 'cause it says it doesn't <unk> it just says internet for <unk> for the web page but it's so that i've limited <unk> and it shows that it you know has four to five receptive bars or whatever it's called [noise] so at least i can get on while i thought it was my phone's i'm not using up my um my dad right now so on thursday the high temperature that they're predicting for here is a hundred and four [laughter] oh my [noise] that doesn't happen here i think it's actually more than my little brother's <unk> everybody's on the computers here and my computer is like oh no other people other people and uh [noise] and <unk> it doesn't title of others it's like an email computer or something oh go ahead i had i had a great day yesterday i had family visiting and my mom who spent some time in china and my sister both like spicy and interesting food so i took the whole word to a situation restaurants mhm and my nephew who's an adult now but when he was a kid and he came to my house he wants told my sister that i needed to have kids and she thought they'd already had the gate talk with him so they're like why damien just won't even have to have kids and he felt that if i had kids i would get the t._v. and cook american food [laughter] [noise] 'cause that that makes you not doing now but now that an adult he willingly ate square bok choy and i even he said i've never had that can make that much order some duck so there were duck <unk> and it was good yeah such fun [noise] of course uh the really spicy stuff is from <unk> oh that's hilarious what i i see it come up but the side bar does not give you a color code [laughter] so it doesn't doesn't know you want to go <unk> go <unk> okay um i know that we're in a whore hurry and it's going it's been in the nineties all we can continue being the nineties i don't think it's ever going to rain in madison again oh mom kendall of kittens that's hilarious alright anyway [laughter] okay um i like outside now not for the past like five minutes for ten minutes i've been working with the mute button to try to avoid the cars going by [laughter] [laughter] oh like an excuse to <unk> when i fisher what color you gotta find the <unk> [noise] but uh <unk> that's going to be the new hip game [laughter] hey i'm all over the place i've been in you are all over the place how many states i've been in lower recording i've been in like the vermont first virginia not i was about sites china but i've not been in the state of china [noise] i've been to virginia ah i've been in pennsylvania [noise] i've been uh yeah i usually only one on this hard cast that wants to be in the state of china but i <unk> i don't think this is appropriate but but like the words penis and the china latin based whereas other less polite words are i think based on a saxon worse <unk> right well <unk> that was appropriate so i didn't know i was gonna uh i was going to mention that um [noise] curse words i wasn't going to say any specific words but curse words don't tend to be borrow that much i seen was uh like occasionally i think damn is like a romance route but in general there don't seem to be and it's it's a little bit funny to to ah to hear um to uh watch firefly and hear [noise] all these chinese curse words being used when you really wouldn't borrow for prestige language from that for that

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  1. Conlangery Podcast
  2. Podcast
  3. conlang
  4. Kebreni
  5. language
  6. linguistics
  7. loan word

Conlangery Podcast/Conlangery 59 Loan Words (last edited 2017-09-08 02:55:03 by TranscriBot)