Conlangery #93: Basque/Euskara (natlang)

Conlangery #93: Basque/Euskara (natlang)

Published: Mon, 12 Aug 2013 04:00:50 +0000 \

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Transcript

utterance-id1 did you they <unk> [noise] <unk> i'd guess language is that people aren't george carlin with me in maine we have my twin bean hello and uh we have a special yesterday uh from the netherlands we have ah christo grown steer [noise] we've got enough [noise] [noise] good evening in the <unk> uh <unk> someone tried to teach me a little bit but i only learned i can only remember a few things like uh who is <unk> but kind of uh okay yeah it's uh it's it is a fun language or something for maybe four and all the uh uh a piece of the <unk> oh yeah definitely um chris this is your first time on the show we're not going to tell us about any of your language is specifically but why don't you get yourself a little bit to the audience how you got an economy so okay i'll try to keep it short which is not that easy for me um um basically i uh talked to <unk> <unk> because i was uh border during <unk> that's cool in uh junior high school basically everybody was uh uh paint forty trying to um some things and that was quite ahead i found lucky quite tend to uh uh a nice language to down to so i was over that so they were working very hot what's making things have been i was done for a long time and i thought well what am i going to do i hadn't learned about it's federal though so i knew was that people have midnight would you before and i thought well that sounds like fun i'm gonna try and uh when my first language where <unk> <unk> which i uh uh simplified by for for instance <unk> uh all those <unk> groups by gender [noise] because i thought that was more logical [laughter] but uh i uh well basically i stuff like that thing that can be done it i've i've learned about language <unk> my uh i uh really drink some <unk> more seriously and then something like in uh nineteen ninety seven ninety eight which is quite a long time ago i first had the possibility to go on the internet that new fangled thing at that time yeah and uh after a while after <unk> looking for uh experimental communities i i learnt it's been on the internet uh i discovered the uh the <unk> and uh i was i was reading through the uh the uh it's more <unk> available at that time i felt i was basically uh uh so impressed that there were so many people were also making <unk> for uh for fun like me not with so that the only once we did that's where ah because they weren't <unk> all because they wanted to <unk> to to ah bring in war peace and that was the only one who did only for fun but it was uh it was so nice that i decided to ah to join nearly immediately uh first thoughts i'd be looking for a while and then uh basically quitting <unk> uh uh i introduced myself nearly musically and the rest of the history of being the court active on the corner release four so that's basically for a fifteen year sixteen years with er with er owns enough periods yeah if you are on on line listed all you probably know ah christo off he's he's the guy who corrects everybody on french [laughter] i've been doing lately yes gets into all kinds of uh uh uh uh we uh uh uh flames i used to i've i've tried to to stop that nowadays but i used to be quite uh uh uh <unk> i think for a while [laughter] no i well i mean you are a native speaker french so you have a good um you have a very good insight on it that that is different from like the the sort of <unk> a lot of the people on the list no so i think that useful but anyway we're not talking about french [noise] we're not talking about that but those are very interesting some day we may actually do french as much as i i've avoided learning it in such things i've heard about french that interest me but this episode we are talking about and there's several different names for this language but uh i'm going to call it we're going to call it bass or a skater matt the official name in the uh the best country in the spanish countries scott scott yeah it was scared i <unk> uh dialects and then the of the north likes to do things differently <unk> yeah <unk> that's that's an interesting one i never heard i've heard i've heard air <unk> air scare uh a lot of uh spanish speakers call they're scared uh or or just basketball um so [noise] all right just a quick note i lost power for a second and it took me a little bit of time to get the internet back running uh there's there's some issue because i taught my my laptop directly in what modem for some reason it doesn't like to give it valid i._p. address is so but anyway uh for listeners that will just be weird jump but we had certainly minutes where we lost contact well crystal crystal typing but uh we lost two lost or as well yeah we lost you basically [laughter] well that that will not be on the recording [laughter] well i'll tell ya [laughter] ah well no they won't hear me ah you won't hear million out takes freaking out over my internet getting lost either [laughter] unfortunately my recording program relied on scape so oh okay [laughter] but anyway <unk> a bath yeah so where were we um i believe yours well i think we had already talked about what the name of the how the speakers of say baskin house venison <unk> talk about it and i sing [noise] while we were talking about the the different names fast if scott <unk> <unk> what would hold him [laughter] yeah really gone into it much i think we could just sort of start out with a little bit of sort of type logical overview so fast is um it's an isolated as far as anybody can tell it's a non <unk> many people think that it was um that is that um the uh ancestors of the <unk> therapy for indoor europeans came to europe uh but it's kind of a mystery where it came from as far as ah genetic relationships what would i be right about that it's uh well uh uh <unk> studies have shown that the <unk> some different see from uh the surrounding the european people leave their [noise] but there's been so much uh mixing <unk> it's got a <unk> some people have said that they are the uh the remnants of the origin or the european chrome manuals [noise] but so that's not too uh too much makes to to say about four and say that's for sure there is something that we know for sure that they were there before the indoor your appearance game but how how long before that we don't know yeah i i would um 'cause <unk> <unk> those were that would be what that would be what tens of thousands of years ago i don't think you could <unk> say that any any language has been in one place for that long [noise] no but it is very interesting the the ah language is different um it's most famous for being <unk> language it's sort of like the <unk> example of our gratuity for many people [noise] but there's a lot of other things that are interesting about it and um i don't know maybe you could point out more of the type of electrical <unk> since you're very familiar chris off yeah not speak bashed but he has basically study fast for a very long time and yet nearly on and off for twenty years basically yes it's a it's kind of a it's it's it's wasn't my uh basically the language where which made me <unk> fall in love with linguistics basically mhm no i haven't had most of your students from books or have you also heard about <unk> [noise] uh only in recordings but uh and not once watch bits of a best movie mhm that's uh <unk> late but uh i've listened to eat it's a very it's it's it's uh it sounds extremely <unk> [laughter] uh but uh but it's mostly from books from boobs the internet's basically everything i could get my hands on <unk> [laughter] but uh above the people that you have <unk> uh <unk> basically the interesting part of each that's uh <unk> from afar we there he used to record record goals is there have been bus people for more than two thousand years in on broken chain uh uh <unk> oh language cold that's <unk> that's why spoken around the same area <unk> spoken to day things that like the bigger that'd be good area before the uh the romans skating there yeah and uh we should say just just for claritin <unk> baskins spoken nowadays in a small region that sort of struggles spain and france called ask country or <unk> <unk> yeah that's correct it's uh on the the atlantic side uh on the atlantic coast and the <unk> most scenarios <unk> beach in the north of the theory knees and uh uh the <unk> in the south of em yeah in in spain it's one of their uh autonomous communities but i don't know what political affiliation they have in in france known known that though they're not they don't even have a department it's uh it does no recognition at all huh which is uh is is is quite a big shame but <unk> for no trickle <unk> any language and uh identity beside the french one yeah that's that is a shame i i i rather liked the way that that um spain handles multilingual isn't but that's that's uh an entire an empire like different topics but <unk> basically to carry on on the <unk> one of the thing i want to ah to mention immediately eat that's uh basically the only reason the bus click we just survived unseen now is that it is it's it's basically the cornerstone of the <unk> the the best people convince <unk> uh <unk> which uh uh <unk> person but it's basically it's literally means somebody posted she's the basket language mm and that it was kind of <unk> the name of the country in the <unk> of the <unk> which was or uh the old west for uh yeah for more than two thousand years <unk> lots of <unk> uh they're feeding of uh national identity into their language mhm which basically the uh i think although why such a small community because now even though they <unk> <unk> it's basically <unk> woken by less than a million people [noise] mm so uh but it's it's it's quite lively it's not really in danger of er disappearing that that that is encouraging and in spain they have official supports that yes that's a good thing that like uh so let's start getting really into the actual language so um we usually start looking at ah phonology um we can see i i'm looking here it seems really not that um interesting phonology uh there's quite a lot of uh friction but not really <unk> that much more than what english has uh uh what do you mean by friction ah cricket is an african oh okay yeah it does it basically it's <unk> <unk> what's interesting is that it doesn't have a very <unk> uh uh uh sounds ain't that there are no clicks they're only the <unk> like in spanish basically but it's still has some interesting tricks yeah yeah in terms of sounds for instance in terms of <unk> it has um [noise] uh uh fun they make a distinction between two forms of s. mhm yes the <unk> uh yeah it does or if you know it'd be to about the uh <unk> uh uh <unk> it's a french and <unk> spanish you wouldn't know that the french s. ease uh let me let me know dental so pronounced we the blade <unk> against uh the uh the upper eighties when the gum behind the <unk> why did the <unk> spanish s. ease <unk> unveiled her so it's from us we the people of the tone but at least it further than that yeah at least bask how's the both of them for they make that that is interesting <unk> the um the the the <unk> in spanish as is actually almost close to like a shift sound because uh i think that's sort of developed partially distinguish what from the south yeah but since bask have sure as a <unk> <unk> it hasn't gone that far so we knew it stays somewhere in between the the the <unk> i mean then throw that french has and the post <unk> sure yeah so you have you know <unk> and uh maybe uh <unk> and i <unk> yeah and it's very difficult for you the difference is it's it's that's very interesting in that same distinction occurs in in the african so that's yeah that's um that is a particularly interesting ah piece of information um yeah i have not seen another language that had that <unk> uh uh a distinction i i i speak mandarin which has a three way sibling distinction but they're further apart because there's a there's a a retro flex so i know the the language itself australia tend to be very uh uh busy in the koran <unk> area so but but that's the only ones i know <unk> such cruise <unk> distinction [noise] any any any <unk> uh what do we keep song because uh there is only one died like one of the smaller dialects which i've lost it the rest have kept <unk> very much what i mhm uh there's also you know an oddity in that there's this this um i'm looking at the heat page and there's a paddle voice tricky to have the the only voice <unk> but it's mostly <unk> uh like third like some <unk> or something or is it oh that's the in famous uh uh what's what's written by uh as uh jay in uh in <unk> they're all different <unk> depends on the dialect basically uh um <unk> eating the unified bask it's supposed to be pronounced like like um [noise] uh uh <unk> yeah basically yeah but <unk> <unk> depending on the dialects it goes from a joke to ah to indeed yeah uh it does various pronunciations and everybody speaks seats like uh uh <unk> yeah <unk> it's interesting that is uh is is one <unk> that that that's basically the dialect i spoken uh uh in the southern nests area of the best country the closest the ah <unk> the spanish you know which i only lost art i almost wonder if um if that scenario effect because spanish to sound change where <unk> became [laughter] so <unk> <unk> <unk> and and and spanish and the all the <unk> area or effects mhm uh like uh uh spanish <unk> like uh initial cost us you know uh <unk> <unk> <unk> yeah <unk> and basically bask has the same problem we say <unk> initial crust as uh uh from uh basketball a lot of uh of the rings from nothing and or the remnants language even for instance they have um uh flower from <unk> uh florida i'm in <unk> reason and the the <unk> yeah that that's one thing that i've heard before that um sheer according to this phonology um bask had asked but at one point maybe it didn't and or or is it that some cases uh became h. ah um it's again and and really affect me because i know i know that spanish has many it's sort of irregular but there are many instances of uh um uh latin <unk> becoming spanish h. and then being dropped that's that's why you get so many spelling with the silent age at the beginning yeah it's uh it's it's correct and again in <unk> which is um ah basically an excuse my language which is <unk> the same area uh the uh northern uh bus country huh how's that that that initial f. becoming huh four okay see i like uh spanish <unk> kept eating some cases it lost teaching autistic casey so it's it's really an aerial effect that's very interesting sort of illustration of what what con layers could do with aerial affects if you have sort of the geography mapped out you can sort of draw an area around and say okay within this area you <unk> get a cluster of similar sound changes that end up with this particular sort of pattern going on yeah and the and the fun part is that the language you don't have to be related that's all right right because obviously bass bass is like unlike anything else and uh she's very unique in europe yes um <unk> there are some series as to where <unk> came from but none of them really have from data as far as i understand and a few of them are frankly quite quite ridiculous but ah <unk> <unk> yeah that's that's um i i've i've i've <unk> yeah <unk> if they're even some that's uh that's pretend that the <unk> or ah descendants of indians that [laughter] i just i mean there are legitimate you know historical english working on the problem is well yeah but uh this one morning i will give people if you are researching the history of <unk> do be wary of crackpots and you'll probably spot them immediately once you know once once you see them but [noise] uh there are a few annoying ones uh so let's go a little bit further um about sort of history and phonology there's a lot of more of a lot of other interesting uh bits too to cover up out you know stress and whatnot but the morphology is i think what a lot of people are interested in when they <unk> uh uh we have here a little bit about <unk> hey system which i'm trying to find here again good luck [laughter] well basically you have to realize <unk> very much and i believe the native language right which which [noise] psalms beats up seeing <unk> so it does um well basically that's at least a dozen <unk> depends on who's counting how many <unk> [noise] it it's difficult to <unk> talk about uh um uh <unk> it's it's it goes it's <unk> there's lots of h. cases but uh uh first one important thing we haven't mentioned yet that's basques uh <unk> or ah the western european languages ease and <unk> up sort of language mhm yeah and the very strict one is uh uh uh uh that's it's uh so it's it's not it's not like those the wishy washy <unk> and the only <unk> ah ah so far basically er er some <unk> uh uh <unk> for the rest [laughter] no it's basically got these and that's it yeah i'm uh my understanding is that at least morphological speaking it's entirely are creative [noise] yes uh uh we can come back to the <unk> uh <unk> that's their things are much more complicated [laughter] you got to even say that this nuts in fact <unk> [noise] so uh but so basically it's us uh uh <unk> the subject of the insurance <unk> and the object of the <unk> and the subject of the <unk> by a special case we go to the <unk> case uh although wise it's <unk> uh uh <unk> uh what you <unk> you have a <unk> uh then you have uh uh what the most <unk> which is for uh we've uh you've <unk> you've got a <unk> which kind of <unk> uh uh of course the teeth some cases of consequence you it's it's kind of complicated you haven't instrumental and then uh and all those casey's work a beach in the in the same in in the same way basically you you uh uh uh <unk> on the now you usually also add a mock um oh yeah one thing to to indicate that <unk> three <unk> ah a number of distinction mhm sounds and uh and the mock number four she's basically the uh you uh the casey directly on the on the <unk> you have a uh a single <unk> which is <unk> uh uh mhm and the <unk> the <unk> except <unk> which takes uh the form <unk> okay but um but and that's for the court cases and then you've got the the <unk> the ah look they look old <unk> which is completely different [laughter] [noise] it's uh it makes a distinction that no where it's <unk> it's makes it the extinction between any mates and in an image and now they take different er er a form <unk> before the <unk> and it doesn't take those uh that's a nice uh optical r. e. instead takes um before the case <unk> uh in <unk> near <unk> uh uh uh elements before the case in the in the indifferent case in indecent eight to number [noise] uh in the sink in uh <unk> uh the the case is directly no optical uh <unk> and in the <unk> the uh the elements becomes a thaw and then the uh the gay sending wow and that for the in any mates now because i didn't it now or <unk> or um basically uh declined for the <unk> we <unk> in an <unk> take a a gun elements which we [noise] people think he's still recording we think has meant something like place or something like that and then only comes the is the local gates ending mhm wow and and he makes this in any made versus a distinction only in the local <unk> that's why i say i say that it's <unk> you can't seem to <unk> talk about uh <unk> [noise] it's it's more complicated things out and then i don't haven't going through the um [noise] the issue with uh uh uh place names which are slightly different again [laughter] it's a it's it's it's uh it's it's very interesting but it's it's it's <unk> it's a very fluid system which uh u._c. it's also with uh the fact that some cases have ah more than one forms uh um uh the <unk> but it can be linked fence into uh <unk> without changing meaning is just what type of a <unk> best but the <unk> is uh mostly uh <unk> but it can be ah <unk> into what i you know which is uh nothing <unk> it means uh ups too unseen mhm so we thought it was all kinds of those nice uh uh fun things [laughter] and then they're <unk> the uh the gay sending cool which my favorites it's um basically for the ground must have <unk> is uh uh uh <unk> because it was mostly it's most when one of each <unk> each <unk> names of uh uh <unk> uh <unk> <unk> when you want to <unk> uh someone from uh from being about the men from <unk> you say about <unk> <unk> <unk> ah the full ending and then not which is you still nineties case so <unk> and the and it <unk> like a <unk> now with these fires but just not the <unk> because of <unk> uh basketball <unk> as opposed to <unk> and <unk> and it's <unk> it divides up those roles of a <unk> but and the cool the interesting part about school is that it's used in the mini <unk> not only uh local but and that's the thing that blew my mind when i first read about it you can add it no that's all already declined mhm uh is this the first example i had the <unk> the instrumental which is just s. is uh is used we'd names of materials to uh to thin in which material or something was made for instance we were today you make <unk> which means in gold <unk> and that's what they go they sent me ah yeah it's uh in <unk> in writing he says it it's a zee but <unk> it's basically that's uh let me know dental s so uh the <unk> uh uh s. forms uh issues with materials to to say in which materials something is made so you get from what are they called you get <unk> <unk> <unk> and and if you want to say that's uh something is golden so <unk> you can't just that's too now because it's an uh your phrase but you can add <unk> two weeks with at school and that you can add to it now so i even have an example we uh how is it called um [noise] uh let me think [laughter] <unk> where is the the example that i had [laughter] confined these anymore yeah oh yeah <unk> <unk> tuna which means the golden ring huh i'm not <unk> that's uh that's example but [laughter] uh so basically uh you can go to any <unk> to make it into a known with fire <unk> the <unk> the the <unk> and the <unk> you <unk> uh uh ethical to them but all the other ones you can that's an interesting that so there's [noise] there's <unk> quite a bit of sort of piling on <unk> or <unk> or whatever um it's it's called <unk> is offend them in an <unk> er er of agreements whereas in this case uh it's not <unk> agreements it's more uh changing the change of demeaning yeah <unk> <unk> making it an outdoor phrase into uh uh uh <unk> uh it's uh it's <unk> the french linguists <unk> which means basically over inflection mm okay or that does that that's that's uh that's cute it goes further than that we should <unk> you've got your your <unk> your phrase these widowed local <unk> ah we <unk> ending or the normal <unk> n. [noise] and ah you can um basically uh you uh then two the two now so <unk> you can meet the now that i think to just keep the uh the optical and put that ethical directly on the number to fire mhm for instance if shoot fake or something like um uh i had a nice example we <unk> uh virginia you've known for as opposed to teach in these <unk> i <unk> which means my father's house really uh uh uh in the same or the nearly means <unk> it's <unk> it's the <unk> which is i uh i thought in <unk> i saw father and it <unk> ease the house you can make it into needed i thought hey now which means my father my father was one mhm mhm and then you can go for that you can you can put an ad on needy make needy or <unk> you can do that we <unk> uh <unk> but also with the local <unk> so <unk> so now the example of <unk> the <unk> from uh <unk> uh <unk> you can fall in the in the <unk> uh <unk> which means the inhabitants of rebel mm going back to my example of what a school ah astronomical <unk> you can make <unk> the golden one wow so you can do a lot of things just <unk> <unk> <unk> yeah uh there was a uh an example is that uh one of uh uh <unk> which was a priest tomorrow but also during the sixties one of the most uh <unk> uh <unk> where <unk> you said he wants <unk> over the uh the mother asking to uh <unk> west i think six <unk> six seven year old uh she was <unk> uh mothers will show that shy uh running in the streets of beats a worry that <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> oh you are playing with [noise] and the <unk> west <unk> nice uh uh <unk> uh world basically you said <unk> it's means literally <unk> the one that's where's the berets huh [laughter] wow that's basically uh put it that means berets and the <unk> or sixties berets you mean <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> the <unk> uh <unk> uh <unk> uh kind of <unk> oh okay that's interesting that's very uh interesting maybe um so clearly this is highly igloo mating language particularly in now uh one <unk> move along and and talk about <unk> i've heard um some very interesting things about verbs and <unk> that sounds that sounds very interesting to talk about yeah the the main thing about <unk> on the house uh <unk> food of conjugate <unk> basically left in the past you had more but most verbs in bask don't <unk> atoll mhm they only exist in known finished farms and two for conjugation they take the mistake and <unk> mhm no we chokes you to read the take depends on whether the verb east <unk> enact insensitive um and that's very strict uh but more company gets you again because some verbs uh or uh you have a difference between what these <unk> and what these uh uh semantics which one did you find that that's stink gets complicated but <unk> speaking uh uh in <unk> which basically means to be to exist that's very much the same <unk> uh uh semantics as a spanish <unk> uh <unk> uh <unk> steak and <unk> and neuter read that mostly we <unk> uh <unk> but that's the recall strict uniform uh different dialects of actually uh uh a different <unk> for them for rich uh some dialects <unk> uh uh <unk> but uh most dialects just <unk> just to make things <unk> things complicated so basically they call the the the <unk> to be and the oh the uh although uh scenery which basically means to have <unk> they call them the same way but they have different production [noise] they have different <unk> to focus on the on the <unk> the <unk> there are a few left like it <unk> which means that uh <unk> not to and or it's uh <unk> uh <unk> which means to ah to go how has the same <unk> which means to do up to make it also mostly seen fit the extended period frequency words yeah at <unk> talks of houston forms left [noise] but um most all the <unk> or the verbs only country <unk> and then comes the thoughts with she's the very first <unk> <unk> ah in bask mark for uh aspect we've got perfect imperfect eve and uh uh uh from which one quote perspective you come to <unk> aspect but basically <unk> future that's marked on the <unk> mhm uh the the dictionary forums formed by the way which i i've been using so far it's basically the perfect <unk> that's the dictionary for so a game doesn't mean uh uh to do to make but <unk> it means dawn or made oh okay yeah that's uh that's that's a minor but er er a a an interesting point too <unk> you don't have to use the same sorts kinds of <unk> forms but languages you're familiar with that because you can you can it's just whatever is convenient will end up being chosen as a citation for yeah but then we come to the uh the <unk> and <unk> then you've got to present than past mhm oh basically <unk> and <unk> <unk> it's good to an <unk> or potential which basic me mean ah can be able to ken and imperative condition or sometimes considered also a separate <unk> hypothetical which is a form which is use for uh uh uh <unk> conditions you sometimes called a separate tents sometimes to separate <unk> people i'm not quite sure what it although it's just <unk> [laughter] and then each <unk> person mhm first thing in a second singular uh has a distinction between um where basically find media polite but it's actually quite a difference but <unk> for that uh set singular <unk> thought through a role for the absurdity of arguments <unk> arguments <unk> and the dating arguments if its presence oh okay so wait a minute so this is polly personal agreement yes oh okay yeah <unk> <unk> they have a little small section on that [noise] <unk> so so the absolute argument their argument if it's there and and possibly paid arguments so you could even <unk> that's an interesting thing because many times or the language is if they uh many times are good languages will be nominated in terms of verbal agreement but it looks like baskets not that way it's <unk> it's extremely <unk> even in it's uh um <unk> forms except and that's a weird thing in the in the past tense <unk> when the object so basically the upkeep arguments sets person certainly the the mocks that normally mark the the absolute <unk> er arguments <unk> arguments what a bizarre <unk> [laughter] if he's very around them and these are [noise] it's uh uh but it's it's yeah it's it's it's extremely <unk> so it's it's way to go over that again it was the third person if this person uh uh well basically if if you're <unk> <unk> and enough for them to arguments and the the object <unk> arguments ease person then the norm the mosques that the <unk> the <unk> uh mocked the <unk> arguments okay so it basically becomes <unk> in that particular case which is really an odd place to have it <unk> it is very <unk> and the nobody knows exactly why is that is but it's <unk> northern normally like first and second person would be would be <unk> become numb <unk> or a third person and then for it to depend on the object is like completely out of out at the continuum i think if it is it's very <unk> [laughter] <unk> <unk> if you look up the charles <unk> ah <unk> you you would think wow it's <unk> it's <unk> it's it's impossible to remember butts actually and that's uh nearly incredible but uh when i read about it when i read the <unk> it's made a lot of sense <unk> extremely irregular [laughter] thank god the only irregularly irregularities or a small casey self sufficient but the <unk> i did all old ways all the same <unk> yeah we [noise] the <unk> that they'll all kinds of um uh <unk> <unk> uh uh more funding for they make changes going um ah okay it's a case so um what i'm i called the regular irregularity word exactly looks irregular but it's not it's it's it's <unk> that's the basically you've got uh verbs have you have <unk> which uh um you take from the oh you go that's from ah from the diction reform you remove the ending which can be an and or [noise] e. or two for most of arabs actually uh you <unk> in some verbs you also remove <unk> oh eat but only if you've ever heard of that and then you've got your your your uh uh uh <unk> which marx uh both <unk> and the absurdity of arguments okay and then you've got a series of <unk> you've got <unk> in order uh um you've got the um where did you basically <unk> if it sits things i'll simple you've got <unk> uh <unk> uh <unk> arguments <unk> arguments it comes before the active arguments but usually it's the same <unk> it's getting to be a without <unk> uh well it it can it be a weed out the negative argument but only in interested you feel so you get it never uh uh makes things up [noise] <unk> then you've got to fix for the past tense which when it's there it's er with the last thing and <unk> and then you've got some fun <unk> that's uh <unk> also mock always marked for the <unk> of the absurdity of arguments so not only with what's on the <unk> but we also ah another element which depending on the verb can be a <unk> a <unk> [laughter] sounds easy enough right [laughter] most ah it's only for the ah it's only for the of course for the i think that <unk> yorkshire to resent the few synthetic verbs their shoe you just need to know which one goes with which <unk> it's uh and it <unk> when you have a daycare arguments on us when you have addictive argument it it's usually end of the uh ethics then when you don't have it's [noise] just to make things complicated and then you've got uh another <unk> for the <unk> of the second person through [laughter] although wise on <unk> on the verb it's sounds exactly uh it's it's at the same uh [noise] i mean for the <unk> arguments because otherwise he thought the same form of the second person singular a formal wow so it just you just add an extra one yeah just add an extra thing to just say this is not the second person single to form a business is the second person <unk> [noise] basically that's that's uh that's the thing is you and then that's one more thing that i haven't i did but you you need to know about the uh the outlook fifty falls mhm which basically if you're talking to someone if you will listen to someone that you would uh address using the second percent singular for media basically um you need and they are nuts thoughts of one of those three arguments that can be on the <unk> they still have to if you're on the <unk> [laughter] neither of them and that's <unk> oh wow so that's another another to fix and that's something that the <unk> uh but uh that's a fix and also the <unk> and the uh <unk> uh <unk> uh <unk> make a distinction for gender in the second person for media seeing it on that you're not sure that the only place in the whole basket language where they make a mess cutting feminine distinction [laughter] language has a lot of like odd like oh this only in this one so yeah and <unk> old and this is for for <unk> and it's not being uh <unk> uh <unk> or is there a <unk> a metal <unk> things that ah removing the things actually these old thing i've been talking about the second ah <unk> ah for more and <unk> it's actually <unk> mm if new all those things that they've added those complications they've added them [laughter] wow [laughter] um i want to talk a little bit about this um the the second person pronouns and the solidarity form okay yeah uh so basically like a lot of european languages you have what is it two forms uh four of the second person that are sort of formal in new york but it's not exactly the same sort of like emotional distance that usually see in european languages randall <unk> it's it's it's it's quite difference basically eating european languages like basic french <unk> too and <unk> uh <unk> by niece has two and <unk> <unk> you have the uh the and mark farm that you eat the media form and you have a mocked from <unk> indeed and we're sort of distance eh basques is the <unk> the uh the <unk> what i've been quoting the second person for more is actually the before the <unk> school <unk> mhm the <unk> and it's and it's basically a <unk> or anything and then you've got the heat which is the second uh person for media mhm mocks basically for what's uh one linguists ah called ah <unk> she's i've happens to be don't you think we switch has been very busy with uh uh with <unk> for ah <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> basically it's not <unk> as we meet as being uh uh uh as being <unk> it's it's <unk> in the sense of uh leaving in similar condition <unk> [noise] you have to it's it's very much depends on an understanding of the <unk> ah <unk> show which is extremely <unk> egalitarian you twist it got to tell you in even in his time when equality between people with of course she <unk> ah standards mm you have to know that even during the middle ages uh bus people thin deep to treat that we mean for instance uh uh perfect <unk> equal to men the crude inherit <unk> they could take on uh hi positions there there were we mean uh judge <unk> there were women who were <unk> doing nearly anything heads <unk> who'd be we mean so it's not always but it was quite common and ah so the idea of uh leaving a similar conditions quite think boston which means that these he form is used basically um well basically we cool leagues which do basically the same work as you're doing you will use he with each other you will never use he with your boss you we always used to but your boss we'd always use <unk> he will nuts you was a funny your form and like they would they would do for instance in french and spanish <unk> each <unk> each each with say uh uh see metric oh the <unk> the idea of leaving and see me the condition so important that uh people we use an age difference uh more than fifteen years basically will never use he with each other even if there would be what we would go to the best friends that we never use [laughter] they would always <unk> <unk> <unk> each of us <unk> and then the most the thing that really blows my mind when that ready to a few a few weeks ago adults <unk> uh uh court children small children still blows fort ways we soup huh even their own parents [noise] but they will switch to he once the child as which and certain age it's it's it varies between six and fifteen years old wow so and and when the chide leaves their teens they <unk> <unk> except well see the parents not all the way that is very very interesting see the thing is i i have a little bit of shirts with even non non european languages but have this this sort of uh formal unfamiliar you distinction and all the case that i know well it's always sort of a case of you use the formal form with someone <unk> more power or or older than you yeah here it's it's it's it's kind of uh uh the <unk> the <unk> from east for people who are like you and anybody who is not like you you use the unmarked fall usually yeah usually i see which says or chinese noon or or um uh <unk> ohio is like for people who are your elders or uh spirit you like there's exceptions i don't know about print but in spanish she do sometimes you <unk> um people who are in service positions like someone you're calling tech support or something but if it's uh yeah but that's that's an emotional distance distinction as well but i haven't heard of really this kind of similar tree that's a really interesting thing in a really interesting way you can think of ah culture affecting language too yeah unless they example which i think we <unk> uh uh brutal what's left off people's mind at this point [laughter] is a a husband and wife <unk> except in a few cases <unk> old ways and use soup <unk> each other so the the <unk> even if they used to call each other as he before they <unk> they got married wow basically the the idea is that is the root of husband and wife <unk> in a marriage or different enough <unk> <unk> your <unk> uh of leaving uh as being basically the same anymore even if you did that before getting married huh that's really interesting [laughter] [noise] and yeah you're coming from like the european perspective [laughter] yeah it's it's this that and the <unk> the the funny part about these <unk> distinction despite all the complication ditch despite the fact that you need to use the the <unk> when you call somebody he uh <unk> <unk> which can get quite hairy these distinction it's productive it's it doesn't show any form of living uh except in some urban areas <unk> but then the rest of the best country they they keep on using <unk> very interesting [laughter] so i think uh last i think maybe we can talk a little bit about uh syntax and and maybe do it with a few other uh <unk> extra notes uh we are we we are getting into a a little bit of a long episodes but i think we i mean what cover as much as we can so and i think i think the language deserves it because it's really uh it's it's it's it's good to mind for ah for any <unk> mhm uh [laughter] it's <unk> it's a <unk> and it's not that far peaceful european <unk> it's a it's a it's a nearly have trouble doorstep [laughter] yeah yeah people in in spain or france they could probably actually take a train or or drive tabasco country and hear it [laughter] yes basically the <unk> [noise] so yes syntax there is once again it's a it's all blows my mind how <unk> uh <unk> can be cold had final but snow strictly had final mhm the <unk> well let's go quickly <unk> syntax which is on what did we uh you've got your head now and you go <unk> and uh the number of <unk> which are basically complex which are basically uh <unk> phrase these are those uh um phrasing which and didn't cool or uh relate to <unk> uh relate these ah <unk> go in front of uh of the head now so that's nice had final <unk> after mhm except for some uh i <unk> like uh caffeine or numbers of three mhm uh objectives in doing like it was kind of doing which means uh <unk> for a person mhm uh but that's probably that's maybe because those <unk> maybe <unk> ah <unk> and the objective <unk> which means all the <unk> the rest goes after the now [laughter] so [noise] it's so this is also if you <unk> yeah they think is not necessarily uncommon for different <unk> being in various different location but the we have parties that the heavy <unk> <unk> and the <unk> that's that's a little unusual yeah i will say yeah you can actually <unk> heavy <unk> after the non but that's considered mark it's emphatic mhm and you seats owning poetry mostly and then the funny part about <unk> is that all those case endings that don't go after the head now unless they have now is the last part of the non straight [laughter] they always go after the last part of the non france france it's an objective it we'd go after that that <unk> oh okay so i can give you an example if you take uh uh <unk> men and hot which means order and let's put it in the uh <unk> <unk> a day keeps case which ends in this case we'd be <unk> you have <unk> means uh the men mhm but if you say <unk> you what to say to the old man you say <unk> sudden <unk> fatty [laughter] the ending um the objective owners ah <unk> these extends to uh coordinated phrases if this chair exactly the same in things [noise] i have an example that i actually ah found uh on the internet that's what it means basically it's a benefactor gave him these case for my father and mother that's needed i <unk> <unk> <unk> it's just uh <unk> it's again uh <unk> but i saw <unk> father and decline it means uh uh and i'm <unk> i'm a mother we use the ending and <unk> which is the benefactor you end up being affected goes to the father and the <unk> so i guess you could think of this as possibly like a clinic ending in this case yeah that that's except that's a lot of uh uh <unk> i've been done at studies have shown that those are <unk> there are <unk> okay so it i'm just saying that because it the behavior seems very much like the english possessive but it it it it it's <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> but with coordinated known phrases it's <unk> it's <unk> [noise] it it it just looks like like lifting but a lot of studies have been done that's to me [noise] proven that they are really bummed <unk> okay so that's basically uh <unk> uh uh <unk> that's uh that's some of the things that's <unk> that's <unk> that's uh quite different from uh the language you may know especially language <unk> mhm um <unk> does all kinds of weird things that's when you will see people <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> in some cases of neutral uh order you could <unk> <unk> can be nearly <unk> any position it can move around basically uh <unk> is uh uh uh <unk> language not a subject prominent language like english <unk> ah it's it's really a tough <unk> topic uh comments language like uh japanese it's by the way they just ask pro drop us <unk> east so it can it can drop any <unk> uh uh handled by context yes but the really the koran cornerstone of uh <unk> what's uh what's the <unk> the uh the guy the guy uh which basically is the focus uh what the focus is some kind of difficult to it's easiest to ah understand if you are looking at <unk> questions basically the focus is that's on so what's your <unk> uh what's your answering so ah issue say ah john <unk> uh marry an apple and you say uh who gave marry an apple then john ease the focus issue if that's a question if that's sentence he's an onset too who do john given up on to the marries a focus you see what i mean right what is the best sentence ease being around the focus the focus is the one most important piece of the bus cruz basically it's tough to be just in front of the verb and nothing can come between the focus offensive or not even the breath [noise] it's a it's it has to be uh uh for a little <unk> anything can be anything can be focus known phrase <unk> uh <unk> anything can be focus the need for focus he's so strong that synthetic verbs cannot appear <unk> <unk> at the front of a <unk> there has to be something in from a focus if the if for some reason the <unk> the clothes off no focus which can happen you have to <unk> <unk> <unk> oh yeah so that stays you how important that focus position indian isn't basques but otherwise the um the verb can move you can move up near the at the front and <unk> and all the less importance and i miss them after the verb er so long so close it's typically go after the verb so he's not very strictly s. o. v. uh only the focus has to be ah in front of the verb and the topic happens to be even more in <unk> if it's there but the <unk> oh okay and lust thing which <unk> it's really the one of the weirdest thing i've seen butts such i seen it just happened um negatives tendencies moves up company to around nicotine sentences or <unk> or <unk> initial but it's only the <unk> oh oh see we we <unk> we <unk> the the <unk> the nicotine sentence which is s. which means basically nuts will be uh the first part of the of the clothes unless there's a topic than it's been going from then we'd come what you'd call the quasi focus which kind of focus but not yet not exactly then the <unk> for them if it's there and then only the rest of the <unk> of of uh the non crazies out there i was in such okay so topic negative <unk> uh some other elements cosby focused and and the ah the <unk> and then the rest [laughter] yeah that's interesting so negative sort of attracts the <unk> actually the <unk> attraction rude [laughter] [noise] yeah that reminds me of a rule into <unk> where um it normally <unk> subject pronouns come at the end of a sentence but um the negative articles india and while i attract the focus pronouns so that's sort of a similar yeah it's uh as i said it's nuts a known for ah nicotine sentences to not to be called kissimmee trick compared to uh [noise] the two ah dissent than sees i mean english is like it's like that's english uses an <unk> in the nicotine sentence he's that he doesn't need to use in africa dissent than see oh yeah <unk> yeah [noise] um and well you use it attached to the <unk> uh if you have knoxville or eat meat do sport yep that's uh that's one of the author features of english in my opinion but yeah it's it's so <unk> <unk> ah <unk> when they get the sentence he's he's not unknown it's just that every language does he took <unk> [noise] <unk> [noise] yes it's uh definitely an opportunity <unk> get creative and there are you have a few other notes but um i think that we really do want to wrap up to <unk> if if i if i may quickly just or one less thing before i <unk> yeah if people look i didn't know they would see an end of the links that you wouldn't know uh uh uh given that should eat that <unk> in uh uh in <unk> yeah basically basically oh you're also a lot of <unk> <unk> <unk> quite a lot of <unk> one is quite interesting that the and the which forms uh relatives <unk> that's an <unk> has uh basically when you have a <unk> like any of the <unk> which means that it can be <unk> like i explained before that when you have and uh uh uh <unk> you can <unk> the optical to eat so needy or uh from needed which means my you say yeah mine uh <unk> <unk> <unk> you can't do that we <unk> uh uh <unk> <unk> <unk> i i like that i have done similar things in common lines before <unk> um relatives clauses so uh that's an interesting yeah i have the example of uh uh <unk> which means as the woman who has a husband <unk> husband do when he's uh uh do which means uh she has its <unk> or the marketing and the and the uh the mock of the uh <unk> uh um the theory that you've mock [noise] you can make you <unk> see not uh the way now which means the one wasn't <unk> husband <unk> did not have to weigh knock the ones i have a husband <unk> she who has <unk> oh the one has a has man this is so common that uh it can results in your <unk> uh next seems or even in <unk> in <unk> there is uh that <unk> they're not which means uh everyone every single or which is basically uh uh <unk> which is the <unk> um uh fall off to beat each each uh-huh foods in the um uh reality fall then which means oh who ease or what to ease and you make it then ah what's his <unk> basically that's become <unk> so use that this has become pronoun <unk> be neat meaning everyone everything or mhm so it's uh so yeah it's it's ah this this is <unk> uh uh a gold mine as i said not on the in the morphology but at the same sex that's another interesting interesting things happening yeah she was almost like you need to have this is not only just sit down and do it in a weekend or something that you normally act no [laughter] <unk> yeah the uh the the the books that i really advised people which is uh uh uh <unk> uh stand up <unk> progressive grandma which is actually unfinished because he died before i could finish it is oh that's a it's has been taken over and they're also lots of things uh athletes er well lots of <unk> that she had done that has been added seemed then but it's it's still unfinished there's no there's no ah chapter about age almost <unk> er despite the fact that he wants one but that's drama which is really in english that's basically if you want to read the only one grandma bust you need to read that one is fourteen hundred five pages wow mm ah well that's actually not that surprising for uh a grammar of a well study yeah uh natural language the nice part it's <unk> ah thank you for example <unk> and <unk> <unk> that that i suppose is up those girl she's <unk> at the end of the <unk> well i think [noise] wrapping up i think uh i would like to say you crushed offer coming on or putting up with my [laughter] and uh and staying up you're staying up a little bit late it's not it's not too bad it's only uh across the two one <unk> <unk> <unk> it's ah i'm usually not in bed before that time so it's okay if you've uh have you kind of my desire to do a regular <unk> they'll get an absolute of language and i take a look at those uh her <unk> her interest so it's it's it is quite fun it's uh it's uh like i said it's really a gold mine it's <unk> it's the is the one language that inspired me to do things differently from what i had been doing so far and made me go into really different way my uh the <unk> i'm mostly working on nowadays <unk> <unk> when you say that you'd see <unk> [noise] uh he's actually a a a bit of an understatement it's it's uh it does it's <unk> it does have raped <unk> taken everything from boston to bus <unk> nothing but uh give up in despair [laughter] um uh i really love that language that's that's why i'm so <unk> have a one month show with no means that the <unk> but i read about that <unk> that's great you know much more about language yeah um and i'm <unk> see them i said quite to begin to invest [noise] <unk> yeah uh we we were going to have someone else that has a special interest in <unk> on but she didn't show up bianco was going to be on uh but uh she had other uh issues too to deal with so she wasn't able to come on but to ah closer so we could probably go on and on about that because we're <unk> you could you could you could talk much more but we can't be recording pretend trial let's ah people really need to look at the language and not only morphology syntax but they're also ah quite a lot of fun things to find in the vocabulary <unk> er er some kind of we have ah recovery <unk> uh accounting system uh it's it's very very very rich doing <unk> <unk> a very rich compounding system i would almost wonder if so <unk> that small number system does it look sort of like an original needed that way uh well <unk> uh well it's it's it's has er er definitely more system unseen twin t. [noise] then moves uh two <unk> i take one hundred okay then er <unk> er um this any more but that's basically simply because it's uh originally <unk> didn't have any <unk> uh one hundred and <unk> uh bull road the rest from the surrounding uh language is does ah assault a thousand <unk> which is quite so beautifully borrowed from nothing and uh it's uh and those like we <unk> we're mostly <unk> okay well uh i think um i i just i just think i might look into that see which direction influence <unk> 'cause i understand that friendship is partially small yeah well but it it looks like it's sort of uh uh later invention <unk> what um sort of a complex orange or something yeah basketball is ah is often even as a reason why <unk> oh why er spanish doesn't have a a voice <unk> oh why spanish for instance us too uh too raw takes a flop and the train because both of them all but uh and so a lot of people want to say well that's because <unk> that's all those pictures any type of uh it's a behave as the substrate uh to to those changes in those um uh <unk> but those are the basically the theories don't add up when you look at it uh i could just be something that developed in <unk> in the air who'd be but even then you um as far as we understand that's the best <unk> didn't have that much influence they've always been confined to that area around that period niece and nephew notch being uh in <unk> contact yeah you you you see everyone features with the language is around bask <unk> has a lot of seeming arches we'd bask in terms of phonology but but that's basically the wrists it's uh it it looks more like quincy than seas or indeed dome ranch every all the facts but bask of stuff's rates for a lot of those changes that's <unk> just doesn't add up [noise] [noise] yeah well i think that that could lead us into a discussion that would go to a whole other uh our <unk> casting but we really should wrap up so i'm going to do so uh our next episode huh mike mike [laughter] yeah my started to say something oh um no i was just saying that it's been hearing all the um [noise] about this but um yeah i [noise] i i kind of one of those really big on things but [laughter] well any natural language that has good documentation is going to be a bit of a huge [noise] thing but i'm just going to close up with the uh our next hi cash [noise] we're going to be talking about the face it's much more of a cultural topic but it has interesting effects on language and uh william should be back for that one and ah as for everything else i've just like to think for soft and my [noise] we're talking with me and i'm going to say <unk> thank you for listening to <unk> you could find our our cars and <unk> dot com you can send functions comments board topic or featured language suggestions <unk> g. e. mail dot com [noise] to submit upon langhorn that line greedy for the top of the show see are contributing hatred detailed [noise] <unk> provided by the language creation society and our steam music is by no <unk> [noise]

Tags

  1. Conlangery Podcast
  2. Podcast
  3. Basque
  4. conlang
  5. Euskara
  6. language
  7. linguistics
  8. natlang

Conlangery Podcast/Conlangery 93 Basque/Euskara (natlang) (last edited 2017-09-09 09:11:23 by TranscriBot)