Conlangery SHORTS #03: Expanding your Lexemes

Conlangery SHORTS #03: Expanding your Lexemes

Published: Mon, 31 Dec 2012 05:00:13 +0000 \

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Transcript

utterance-id1 oh yeah <unk> yeah <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> [noise] looking to come and read the customers constructed languages and the people who [noise] i'm william and it's [noise] <unk> we're in the middle of the holidays and so i'm doing a short episode [noise] this particular episode is because the words of wisdom offered at the end of our last episode on cherokee george thought was a bit cryptic and he was so i thought that we talk a little bit more what [noise] what i mean when i said i think about things just continuously so let's start with the idea of alexi must [noise] that is sort of the base unit of demeaning um most of us are used to thinking like seems and being identical to words or two <unk> but when i want us talking about today is expanding that definition out to include um things that are not lump together or things which are crossed multiple words in general i think computers as a whole are big fans of <unk> nation we like big words with nice clear derivation of processes reproduce big words to address gaps meaning nice tiny little words [laughter] um but i want to talk about ways to to get out of that habit a little bit [noise] so the first example of discontinue was um meaning or just continues like seems um occurs in german and dutch and probably other genetic language and those are these <unk> prefix verbs if you're not had high school german and then you don't know about the wonderful <unk> such as uncommon which means to arrive as composed to elements on and coming [noise] only the common part is actually a verb um it gets complicated and in a normal declare dependence be prefix part gets shut down to the end of the phrase <unk> um she's arriving or you can slam pretty much anything else and the rest of the claws goes between the verb and acceptable prefix <unk> um um another group is on funding which means to start and you can find them at the about um i start to work where the meaning start on funding has been spread out into following up <unk> um [noise] um and then there are different things happened in different times of indifferent moods and we don't need to get into that you can find lots of information about typical prefix <unk> online because many american and british students have nightmares with them um english <unk> verbs are a little bit like this but they're more constrained i can say pick him up at the store but i can't say pick him at the store up or i'm not normally do i say that i mean i just fluency might produce something like that [noise] so getting a little further field is the reason episode on cherokee had verbs where the meaning of the verb um was not simply in the verb standing but was combined with the verb and some pre <unk> nominal ethics way off at the far left under the <unk> so the normal template is fees pre pro nominal things which there are several and you can make some mash them together conjugation marketing for both subject nah object then the <unk> and an aspect intense marking ah one example was the very first thing it sure looked like based on what the grammar said that you always have to use distributive since prefix when you talk about singing in turkey [noise] me uh patchy in languages that is that particular branch of the at the baskin family do this in abundance navajos who is my favorite example there's a hundred plus i'm these <unk> and they tend to fall into different slots suit can get piled them um very similar to turkey just much more abundant bunches of slots prefix was four subject and objects which occur can funny different ways depending on what kind of subject or object they are and then at the very end is the <unk> [noise] and uh the standard manuals have lists of what the different prefix was mean i'm not going to go through all of them i'll just mentioned a few there's one that refers to fire [noise] um it's pronounced <unk> there's another one pronounced <unk> which uh goes into different slot and means it said aspect you will prefix it means the incentive um a prefix marking destruction is pronounce it um and one example verb is so uh so which means you kill it and there's obviously about <unk> gets lost in there's all sorts of fun phonetics and the boundaries in these things um so these are very simple but then there are other prefix was like <unk> which marks friendly relations there's ah which marks reciprocal accidents so you can get verbs like hit the <unk> which means treat each other as relatives and the point is <unk> uh hit and then way at the end <unk> in the bird and then you have marking in the middle which has the normal sorts of a person marking tension aspect stuff so the point in trying to make is that the meaning you have to take all the parts together you're not know what is being said until the verb is dumb [noise] um there are many many many many of these <unk> i have a link to paper which list some uh one of my favorite prefix it is <unk> which occurs on a single herb um so we have no idea what it really means it's usually the verb to speak so the phrase you speak on this <unk> being ya part means we don't own it means i mean the <unk> the last part <unk> beans is the <unk> and then all of his is in the middle is is other grammer like the <unk> marks the second person [noise] so the link to that there's all sorts of on their uh one last bit of fun about the uh patchy and languages and some of the other asking language is is that um some composition of phrases that got too close to the verb got sucked in you can have up to potentially three kinds of person working in a single verb in these languages one for some sort of position of phrase which will be way off the left and then the normal transit authority subject other kinds of things [noise] so another example for distributing meaning in funny ways <unk> occurs in the <unk> language which isn't the are walking family uh according to them analyses the language has a single question word <unk> and this is true it has been single question where chico but it's a little misleading to say that it it is used in construction to say who when where wine all of that but it's not right to say that they simply have one question where that means all of these things [noise] the default meaning of <unk> is aware but all sorts of other senses what who went in and so forth are produced by combining that question were with other light verbs some people call them <unk> um to produce particular meetings so <unk> always comes first and then grammer like a light verb and then the rest of the clause and there might be some relative position going on there as well so to examples um <unk> plus the verb team which means to be to exist to live or be born creates who uh <unk> plus the verb tight is used to specifically ask for the names of things like that's what that means so spread out their question i guess we wouldn't normally we would think of these as question words but my point here is that they are question phrases there's <unk> how do you ask when something happened and the answer that is you combine different elements of question marker <unk> which normally means where and then the right <unk> and this might seem kind of exotic but in english let's think about the number of ways we have to ask um reasons the simplest one is lie but we have lots of other ways to request the same thing how come um one of my favorite sets is what's he doing plus the participle phrase and sometimes it occurs as what's he thinking plus a participle phrase such as what see thinking walking the dog at that hour so that doesn't just ask for a reason it adds some extra pragmatic fun indicating is aspiration <unk> winter confusion possibly a mark of social disapproval all sorts of fun things can be done there and again it's just continuously we have a big complicated structure or construction as some linguists would call it to mark what most of us especially if we're not thinking deeply about some of these questions in inventing a new language we just think of his why [laughter] so that's all they wanted to say about those big <unk> heavy talk again vermillion big surprise i got a links to two or three papers that will be on with this supposed to go look i specially recommend looking at the <unk> ah the iraq and stuff because that's just wonderful to have uh one question where basically uh technically it looks like two when get the funny thing but to use a construction a structure rather than just words thinking about words as being different from just continue <unk> lexical funneled logical unity [noise] thank you for listening to con library you could find our our cars and <unk> dot com you can send questions comments or topic or featured language suggested to con lying or e. i. g. e. mail dot com [noise] just a matter of kahn langhorn outlying greeting for the top of the show see our contributes paid for detail [noise] web space for common language provided by the language creation society and our team music is by no divide [noise] [noise] [noise] [noise]

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  1. Conlangery Podcast
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  4. language
  5. lexemes
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  7. linguistics

Conlangery Podcast/Conlangery SHORTS 03 Expanding your Lexemes (last edited 2017-09-08 19:40:04 by TranscriBot)